Session Information
04 SES 11 B, Analyses of Policy Documents II.
Paper Session
Contribution
Analyzing the international discussion about Inclusion, two main positions can be identified: one based on the medical model, the other rooted in the social model of disability. Both of them can be criticized for at least one risk: the medical model for the labeling process inherent in the diagnosis and the consequent understanding of difference as deviation from the norm; the social model for the ineffectiveness in understanding subjects because of its one-way focus on the context and the consequent very general understanding of difference as everybody’s uniqueness. This is the Dilemma of Difference: the seeming incompatibility of these two positions explaining difference from two opposite points of view.
In this paper we will briefly present the two positions with their pros and cons, and propose the International Classification of Human Functioning, Health and Disability (ICF) as a theoretical framework explaining Human Functioning that can take both the medical model and of the social model into account. We argue that taking party for one of the two positions would cause a loss. We suggest instead that an ICF-based Understanding of Difference can lead beyond the Dilemma of Difference and the critical aspects of both the medical and the social model. Practically we will present ICF as a the theoretical framework for an understanding of the Human Functioning that takes into account both the individual specificities and the context with its barriers and facilities.
Method
Expected Outcomes
References
Ianes D. (2009), Qualche spunto di riflessione su integrazione, inclusione, disabilità e Bisogni Educativi Speciali, in: Integrazione Scolastica e Sociale, Trento, Erickson, 8/5, pp.440-458 Ianes D., Macchia V. (2008), La didattica per i Bisogni Educativi Speciali, Trento, Erickson Ianes D., Demo H.(2009), Riconoscere I Bisogni Eductaivi Speciali su base ICF e progettare risorse efficaci e inclusive, in: Integrazione Scolastica e Sociale, Trento, Erickson, 8/5, pp.474-484 Terzi L. (2005), Beyond the Dilemma of Difference: the capability approach on disability and special educational needs, in: Journal of Philosophy of Education , 39 (3), pp.443-459 WHO (2001), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/
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