Session Information
23 SES 06 A, Networks, Privatizations and Governance (Part 1)
Paper Session to be continued in 23 SES 07 A
Contribution
Falling birth rates and migration movements from East Germany after the German reunification led to the halving of the number of pupils and various school shut downs. Since 1992 there have been nearly 5.000 school closures out of formerly about 12.000 general education schools in East Germany (Statistisches Bundesamt, own calculations). In the mid 1990s the demographic pressure was challenging the Laender as well as the municipalities in East Germany after they just finished to manage the consequences of the transformation process in the school sector with the introduction of new school structures. Against the background of the specific organization of the school system in Germany where school is organized in a multi-level-system different questions will be discussed: Apart from school shut downs what measures have been introduced in the school development planning? Is there an explanation for the obvious benefit private schools are receiving from the demographic change? What are specific developments for urban and rural regions? What can be stated regarding equal opportunities for the pupils in regions with a decreasing number of public schools while the private school sector is growing? And does the management or the governing on the Laender-level explain the different school developments on the regional level?
By answering those questions the aim of the project is to close gaps in research and to generate knowledge for the governing of school development planning in times of decreasing numbers of pupils. Since not only East Germany is affected by the demographic change the results of the project can be of interest also for West Germany as well as for other European countries such as Austria, Italy, Spain or Poland and further East European countries, because they are also affected by low birth rates.
The theoretical framework of the project is the governance research. Following Mayntz (2006) understanding of Steuerung and governance, as well as considering Rhodes (1997) governance approach, which states that governance is a non-hierarchical way of governing, the author develops three different types of Steuerung for the systematization of the approaches of the Laender to control the school development planning. Also the approach of the understanding of Steuerung and governance in the field of educational research will be considered (Altrichter 2015).
The theoretical framework is complemented by a concept of equal opportunities by Giesinger (2007). Since the consequences of a changed schoolnet shall be assessed regarding equal opportunities it is necessary to define the understanding of equal opportunities for the present paper. Giesinger states that equal opportunities are achieved when certain barriers in education are abolished for everybody. According to Giesinger access to education can for example be limited because of discrimination, the financial or the social background of a person. For the project at issue it is especially the rising number of private schools as well as growing distances to school in urban areas which is restricting the access to education and therefore equal opportunities for the pupils.
Method
Expected Outcomes
References
Altrichter, Herbert (2015): Governance-Steuerung und Handlungskoordination bei der Transformation von Bildungssystemen. In: Hermann Josef Abs, Thomas Brüsemeister, Michael Schemmann und Jochen Wissinger (Hg.): Governance im Bildungssystem. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien, S. 21–63. Avenarius, Hermann (2012): Verfassungsrechtliche Grenzen der Expansion der Privatschulen. In: Heiner Ullrich und Susanne Strunck (Hg.): Private Schulen in Deutschland. Entwicklungen - Profile - Kontroversen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, S. 143–163. Baumert, Jürgen; Stanat, Petra; Watermann, Rainer (2006): Schulstruktur und die Entstehung differenzieller Lern- und Entwicklungsmilieus. In: Jürgen Baumert, Petra Stanat und Rainer Watermann (Hg.): Herkunftsbedingte Disparitäten im Bildungswesen. Vertiefende Analysen im Rahmen von PISA 2000. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, S. 95–188. Fickermann, Detlef; Weishaupt, Horst; Zedler, Peter (Hg.) (1998): Kleine Grundschulen in Europa. Berichte aus elf europäischen Ländern. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag. Giesinger, Johannes (2007): Was heisst Bildungsgerechtigkeit? In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogik 53 (3), S. 362–381. Kuckartz, Udo (2014): Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Methoden, Praxis, Computerunterstützung. 2. Aufl. Weinheim und Basel: Beltz Juventa. Kühne, Stefan; Kann, Caroline (2012): Private (Grund-)Schulen als blinder Fleck der öffentlichen Daseinsvorsorge? Regionale Analysen zu Entwicklungen in der deutschen Privatschullandschaft. In: Die Deutsche Schule 104 (3), S. 256–278. Leithwood, Kennneth; Jantzi, Doris (2009): A Review of Empirical Evidence About School Size Effekts: A Policy Perspective. In: Review of Educational Research 79 (1), S. 464–490. Mayntz, Renate (2006): Governance Theory als fortentwickelte Steuerungstheorie. In: Gunnar Folke Schuppert (Hg.): Governance-Forschung. Vergewisserung über Stand und Entwicklungslinien. 2. Aufl. Baden-Baden: Nomos-Verl.-Ges., S. 11–20. Weishaupt, Horst (2009): Demografie und regionale Schulentwicklung. In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogik 55 (1), S. 56–72. Zymek, Bernd; Wendt, Sabine; Hegemann, Moritz; Ragutt, Frank (2011): Regional Governance und kommunale Schulentwicklungspolitik im Prozess des Rück- und Umbaus regionaler Schulangebotsstrukturen. In: Zeitschrift für Pädagogik (4), S. 497–512.
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