Description: Problem of research The eseential political and social changes took place in Lithuania at the beginning of the 9th decade of the 20th century. They had impact on the entire national socium and related institutions. As a result, the educational system and the related legal base were changed, as well as contents of education, teaching methods, attitudes towards the educational process and its subjects. Aim: Research of pupils' rights and duties from the point of pupils and teachers' view. Methodology: Methods of research 1. interviews with a child, 2. questionnaires, 3. statistic methods, 4. document analysis. Volume of research 1200 respondents (1000 - pupils, 200 - teachers) . Conclusions: Results of research. The present article is an analysis of the concept of child rights and duties from two different standpoints, i.e. those of school learners and teachers. It includes an analysis of child rights and duties regarding three microsocium levels: the family, the school community and the immediate social environment. The research results include distinction of different attitudes towards child rights and duties. The article also includes an exploration of the impact of other factors (like the venue, school status, age, sex, etc.) on the understanding of child rights and duties.