The presentation by Montero addresses the ways in which cultural change has been thought of in the education of immigrant children and in particular social science research to explain the academic achievement of different ethnic groups in different contexts. Central questions undergirding this presentation are: How do educational institutions reproduce “culture”, and specifically what and whose ¨culture¨? How are youth within such institutions simply not products of culture, but producers of culture? Montero uses her research on Latino students in the U. S., intercultural educational policies in Spain and integration policies in the Netherlands and work in Spanish and Dutch schools. She focuses on the explanations of culture versus structure in the social mobility and school attainment of immigrants that are part of the current European debate. She draws parallels and cites differences between these explanations and their value for European educational research. She explains how youth’s local cultures and identities can be ignored, suppressed, reinvented or extended and raises questions about how cultural changes can be integrated into education practice and research.