Session Information
18 SES 11 A, Charting the Way Forward: Advancing Social Justice Pedagogies in Health and Physical Education (Symposium)
Symposium
Contribution
The starting point for this paper is Gerdin et al. (2024), which highlights social justice in physical education (HPE) curricula across Sweden, Norway, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Gerdin et al. (2024) demonstrate that while expectations of social justice are present in all five curricula, the language used to orient teaching towards social justice is often ambiguous. Using Norway as an example, this paper examines how expectations of social justice are embedded in and aligned across various governing educational documents and policies. According to the overarching curriculum aims, HPE in Norway should foster respect for others, promote democracy, and ensure equal opportunities for all. However, research suggests persistent challenges related to gender and disabilities, with sports-active students often receiving higher grades and more benefits from HPE than their less active peers (Säfvenbom et al., 2015). This study aims to explore and illuminate how social justice is conceptualized within Norwegian curricula and educational policy documents. It employs the nine pedagogies of social justice outlined by Gerdin et al. (2022) as a theoretical framework. These pedagogies include care, inclusion, democracy, and explicit strategies for teaching social justice. The research question guiding this study is: How, and to what extent, are expectations of pedagogies for social justice present in the Education Act (1998), the Core Curriculum (Utdanningsdirektoratet, 2017), and the HPE curriculum (Utdanningsdirektoratet, 2019)? Analyzing policies and governing documents requires rethinking politics as a creative rather than a reactive process (Bacchi, 2009). The study adopts a qualitative research approach inspired by content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005), using the What’s the Problem Represented to be? (WPR) approach (Bacchi, 2016) as its methodological foundation. The research was conducted in two stages: (1) a quantitative summative content analysis, identifying and counting terms within the framework of the nine pedagogies of social justice, followed by (2) a direct qualitative content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) guided by the findings from the summative analysis. Findings reveal discrepancies between the documents, both in the breadth of terms associated with the pedagogies and in the prominence of specific pedagogies. Across all nine pedagogies, social justice is less explicitly articulated in the HPE curriculum than in the other documents. The presentation will discuss these findings and argue that if the HPE curriculum is to effectively guide efforts toward social justice, it must be more clearly articulated within the curriculum text than is currently the case in Norway.
References
Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing policy. Pearson Higher Education AU. Bacchi, C. (2016). Problematizations in health policy: Questioning how ‘problems’ are constituted in policies. SAGE Open, 6(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016653986 Gerdin, G., Lundin, K., Philpot, R., Berg, E., Mooney, A., Alfrey, L., Kitching, A., Schenker, K., & Linnér, S. (2024). Despite good intentions: The elusiveness of social justice in health and physical education curricula across different contexts. European Physical Education Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X241249820 Gerdin, G., Smith, W., Philpot, R., Schenker, K., Moen, K. M., Linnér, S., Westlie, K., & Larsson, L. (2022). Social Justice Pedagogies in Health and Physical Education. Routledge. Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687 Säfvenbom, R., Haugen, T. & Bulie, M. (2015). Attitudes toward and motivation for PE. Who collects the benefits of the subject? Sport, Education and Society 23(3), 629–646. the Education Act (1998). Act relating to Primary and Secondary Education and Training (Law 1998-07-17-61) [Official English translation]. https://lovdata.no/dokument/NLEO/lov/1998-07-17-61 Utdanningsdirektoratet (2017). Core curriculum – values and principles for primary and secondary education [Official English translation]. https://www.udir.no/lk20/overordnet-del/?lang=eng Utdanningsdirektoratet (2019). Curriculum in Physical education (KRO01 05) [Official English translation]. https://www.udir.no/lk20/kro01-05?lang=eng
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