The main aim of this work is the comparative research in the operation of the "Didaskalio" and the "Pedagogic Academy" stated at Florina, a town in Northern Greece, and their enrollment to the environment and the circumstances of the small town. The institution called "Didaskalio" was founded in the town of Florina by the Act of the 29th of September 1926. Initially it was structured to have six classes, but they were reduced to five, according to the Act 4368/9.8.1929. The "Didaskalio" institution offered constantly theoretical and practical training to future teachers till 1935. The "Pedagogic Academy" of Florina was founded by the Act 739/14.11.1941 and started to function in 1941. In 1989, Pedagogic Academy was replaced by the Department of Primary Education. Although the two institutions belong to different periods of the Greek educational history, their presence in the same social and political environment and the similarity of their aims, allow us to claim that the comparative analysis of their programs, and the research of their student archives, offer a clear view of the educational history concerning the whole area of Florina. The research focused on five points: 1. Similarities and differences in the social background of the students of the "Didaskalio" and the "Pedagogic Academy". Examination of the reasons, using criteria as the historical events and the social circumstances. 2. Similarities and differences in the geographical origin of the students of the "Didaskalio" and the "Pedagogic Academy". Justification. 3. Similarities and differences concerning the different access of each sex in the education, offered by one or another institution. 4. Evaluation about the different role of each institution in the society of Florina. In order to search the historical data of the "Didaskalio" of Florina some important sources were examined as the students' archives and the Evaluation Book, which extend from 1926-1935. In order to search the historical data of the "Pedagogic Academy" of Florina the whole archive of this Academy, kept in the Pedagogic School of Primary Education was used as a source. This archive extends from the 1941 till 1989. Additionally the articles of the local newspapers were used to enlighten the operation of the two institutions. Results provided that students of "Didaskalio" came from families of lower socioeconomic level comparatively to those of Pedagogic Academy. Also, the main aim of the studies in "Didaskalio" was students' training in the Modern Greek language and their enrollment to the goals of the Modern Greek Society. On the other side, Pedagogic Academy offered training to the ancient Greek language and culture.