Home and school are two of the most significant factors determining how students learn the different subjects in school. The PIRLS study collected extensive information on these and other background factors using questionnaires. The goal of the study is to present a conceptual model related to family and school, and to test this model empirically using data collected as part of the PIRLS project. This study tried to answer the following research question. What are the influences of school and family background on student achievement and attitudes toward reading? This study analyzed data using structural equation modeling methodology (LISREL). The objective was to design a model, using two exogenous constructs -the background of the family and school climate- and two endogenous constructs - student attitudes and achievement. The model seems to indicate that there is influence of school climate and educational background on attitudes and achievement.