School Work within Higher Education: University of Lisbon’ Students point of View
Author(s):
Benedita Portugal e Melo (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2014
Format:
Paper

Session Information

22 SES 07 C, Teaching, Learning and Assessment in Higher Education

Paper Session

Time:
2014-09-03
17:15-18:45
Room:
B022 Anfiteatro
Chair:
Britten Ekstrand

Contribution

A lot of research in the field of Sociology of education has sought to analyze to what extent the socio-cultural and economic assets, the attitudes and the educational projects of families can fuel a greater integration of students in school culture and its academic success (Bourdieu 1970; Montandon et al., 2001; Ball, 2003). Many others have sought to understand, on the other hand, the implications that management and collective work and leadership styles have on the exercise of teaching work and on students educational attainment (Bressoux, 1994; Cousin, 1998; Hayes, 2006). Still others, in turn, have focused on understanding the various dimensions intrinsic to the school work that affect students, demonstrating for example, how the behaviours and attitudes of teachers benefit some students and how they experience their craft of student (Perrenoud, 1999;Meirieu, 1998;Sirota, 2000; Barrere, sd), how the process of school review and trials produced by professors constitute a floating and uncertain exercise built "locally" (Hadji, 1994; 2001; Dubet, 2005), and how the "school" is built, not only through students actual work, but also through the way  it unfolds pedagogical communication. or produces, between teachers and students, positive expectations for school performance (Coulon, 1990; Reay, 2005; Connell, 2010). But these polls, deal only with school work at primary or secondary level. Little is known about the dynamics produced in the interior and exterior of classrooms, between University lecturers and students, that may provide better learning and academic results. Little is known about the organizational, pedagogical-didactic and evaluation strategies that students value most and consider important to obtain good ratings and how they perceive their student experience. From the analysis of  students ' point of view, we will present, in this communication, the results of an intensive case study conducted at the University of Lisbon in order to unravel these dimensions. We will equate the nature of the pedagogical-didactic practices developed by teachers, the methods of assessing applied and the specificity of work inherent to specific school curricular areas. We will emphasize in what extent and circumstances students are invited to participate more actively in the teaching-learning process and how that drives them to allocate more sense to school work. We explore the importance students attach to the relational dimension of teaching activities. Finally, we will demonstrate how the school work in higher education is a social activity that, as a rule, remains subject to institutional, pedagogical and didactical arrays based on tradition of masterly teaching, revealing itself problematic for most students. Still, the fact that we have observed, in some disciplines taught at the University of Lisbon, the existence of practices of teaching, learning and assessment involving students directly and have positive effects on their academic results, allows us to conclude that it is possible to develop a job in higher education which seeks to reconcile the interests and needs of students with the most noble objectives of production and transmission of University knowledge.

Method

The date that we will examine in this communication are a result of the project entitled Avaliação, Ensino e Aprendizagens no Ensino Superior em Portugal e no Brasil: Realidades e Perspectivas (Projeto PTDC/CPE-CED/114318/2009). Focusing on Lisbon University, we held an intensive case study, of a qualitative nature, that comprehended lessons observation and semi-directive interviews to teachers and students who frequented, in the academic year 2011-12, the 1st cycle of different degrees of the four areas of knowledge at this University: social sciences, arts and Humanities, engineering and technologies and health sciences. The results that we will present result in concrete terms: a) observation of 40 hours of classes of two course units in the field of arts and Humanities (about 8:0 pm on each one); 50 hours of classes of two course units in the area of science and technology (a 4:0 pm and about 40 in another); 38 hours of classes of two curricular units (a 6:0 pm and another 20) of Health Sciences and 40 hours of classes of two course units of social sciences (about 8:0 pm on each); b) content analysis of interviews conducted individually or in focus group to 38 students who attended the various curricular units observed.

Expected Outcomes

The process of Bologna demands that higher education institutions equate their teaching and evaluation practices and significantly reconfigure the role and action of their teachers and students. The expected results will open the «black box» of Portuguese higher education in what these dimensions are concerned, and in this sense will contribute to the production of knowledge and to theoretical thinking in an area that has not been regarded by investigation. These results may be relevant to the reformulation and improvement of educational an formative projects within higher education institutions, and of pedagogical practices and formation sttrategies of teachers in higher education.

References

Ball, S (2003) Class strategies and the educacional market: The middle classes and social advantage. Londres: Routledge Falmer. Barrère, Anne. s.d. O Trabalho dos Alunos. Porto: Rés Editora. Bourdieu, Pierre; Passeron, Jean Claude. 1970. La Reproduction- – éléments pour une théorie du systéme d’enseignement. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit. Bressoux, Pascal. 1994. Les recherches sur les effets-écoles et les effets-maîtres. In Revue Française de Pédagogie, nº98, p. 91-137 Connell, Raewyn. 2010. Bons professores em um terreno perigoso: rumo a uma nova visão da qualidade e do profissionalismo. In Educação e Pesquisa. São Paulo. v. 36, n. especial, p. 165-184. Coulon, Alain (1994) Ethnométhodologie et éducation. In: Revue française de pédagogie. Volume 107, pp. 141-144. Cousin, Olivier 1998. L'efficacité des colleges. Sociologie de l'effet établissement. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France Dubet, François (2005) La Escuela de Las Oportunidades – Qué es una escuela justa? Barcelona: Editorial Gedisa S.A. Hadji, C (2001) Avaliação Desmistificada, Porto Alegre: Artmed. Hadji, Charles (1994). A avaliação, regras do jogo: das intenções aos instrumentos. Hayes, Deb et al. 2006. Teachers & schooling making a difference: productive pedagogies, assessment and performance. Sidney: Allen & Unwin Meirieu, Philippe (1998) Aprender ... sim, mas como? 7. ed. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas. Montandon, Cléopâtre; Perrenoud, Philippe. 2001. Entre Pais e Professores, Um Diálogo Impossível? Oeiras: Celta Editora. Perrenoud, Philippe (1999) Avaliação: da excelência à regulação das aprendizagens– entre duas lógicas. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas. Portugal: Porto Editora. Reay, Diane. 2005. Beyond Consciousness? The Psychic Landscape of Social Class. Sociology, Volume 39 (5), p.911-928 Sirota, R (2000). Le métier d’élève. In: Forquin, J.C. (org.). Sociologie de l’Éducation: nouvelles approaches,nouveaux objets. Paris : INRP, p. 149-172.

Author Information

Benedita Portugal e Melo (presenting / submitting)
Institute of Education of University of Lisbon
Lisbon

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