This paper discusses the meaning of two words in Russian. Vospitanie (education) includes all processes, mainly in family but also in other social domains through which cultural and moral traditions are transmitted by a given group. Obučenie is the process of teaching and of learning. It includes the act of learning and to fact be educated in a formal way. The Russian word obučenie concentrates two processes where in other languages the meaning is diluted by a juxtaposition of both terms under the shape often used of teaching/learning, of teaching that initiates a process of learning. Although both are linked, they cannot be reduced to the same process, to a simple interaction between two actors: the teacher and the learner. We will illustrate the function and use of obučenie in relying on Vygotskij’s work that led him to the concept of zone of proximal development as the dynamic interactive space obučenie creates through didactics in school subjects. The aim of obučenie is what Vygotskij defines as constructing conscious and voluntary command on one’s own psychic processes, which surely is another way of defining Bildung.