Drawings as a Research Tool: Pupils' Perceptions of Integrated Foreign Language Learning In Primary School
Author(s):
Diana Millonig (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2015
Format:
Paper

Session Information

20 SES 05, Cooperative Learning and Conceptual Change and Lanugage Learning Spaces and Drawing as a Research Tool in Language Learning

Paper Session

Time:
2015-09-09
11:00-12:30
Room:
665.Oktatóterem [C]
Chair:
Hafdís Guðjónsdóttir

Contribution

 

 The qualitative mixed methods study investigates foreign language integrated learning  in the Austrian primary school classroom. Pupil drawings are a main source for analysis and contribute to the findings concerning:

i. Education statement policy and classroom practice.

ii. Linguistic theory and knowledge in relation to what is taking place in the classroom.

The research question is divided into five subareas involving how the language learned is integrated into the general curriculum in relation to:

1. Does it replace general curricula content?

2. What type of teaching methodologies and strategies are in use during the lessons?

3. What are teachers` lesson planning procedures for English integration?

4. What are the teaching aims?

5. How do pupils` perceive the lessons?

 The  research  required consideration of both the context and the participants and aligned three perspectives: context, teachers and pupils. From the contextual perspective, government legislation and guidance, teacher training institutions, and school management are significant. They influence some aspects of the individual teachers’ competences and attitudes, which in turn affect her or his teaching goals, lesson planning, time allocated to English and other subjects, and choice of classroom activities. The other key participants are the children themselves and their perspective on their FL integration lessons.

Investigation of the lessons from the pupils’ perspectives required a data collection tool that would enable the young learners' to easily communicate their understanding, perceptions and knowledge where their verbal and written skills were not yet sufficiently developed. Drawings were an appropriate choice, as research studies have shown that they can provide an alternative means of representation and communication ( Rabey, 2003).

 

 

 

 

Method

A mixed methods approach which involves qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis to provide information from the three main perspectives (contextual, teacher, pupils) was adopted for this study. Ethnographic data collection was undertaken in two case study classrooms. The analysis of the drawings was undertaken through the visual grammar framework developed by Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996), which is based on Halliday’s (1994) theory involving the three types of meaning contained within drawings: • Ideational meaning • Interpersonal meaning • Textual meaning. Two types of drawings were collected from the case study pupils and imported into NVivo where they were stored in separate folders. Direct individual coding from both sets of drawings was undertaken; no pre-coding was made. Sequential analysis of the drawings was undertaken in two phases. Phase one: involved three stages for each drawing set and individual case study classroom: 1. Individual analysis of each pupil’s drawing 2. Comparative analysis between the pupils’ drawings 3. Comparative analysis between the case study teacher findings (interview) and the classroom observation findings. Phase two: involved comparative analysis between the two case study classrooms for each drawing set and was undertaken in two stages: 1. Separate comparative analysis between the two drawing sets 2. Comparative descriptive analysis between the summary findings of each classroom. The findings of pupils’ perceptions of the lesson content (drawings: set one) and pupil perceptions of English (drawings: set two) involved confirmation analysis of the case study teacher’s goals, pedagogical strategies applied and observations of these in the classroom. Relationships to integrated language learning theories (Coyle et al., 2010; Dalton-Puffer and Nikula, 2006; Brinton et al., 2003) and social constructivist learning theory (Bruner, 1983; Vygotsky, 1978;) were the lens of analysis in combination with contextual factors involving education policy at three distinct levels: 1. National government policy 2. University teaching policy 3. School policy

Expected Outcomes

The drawings provided insights into pupils' perceptions of FL (English) learning and the teaching practices in use during the lessons. The findings between the two drawing sets from the two case study classrooms differed extensively although the lesson content was identical. The individual case study teachers' classroom practice was identified in the pupils' drawings - pupils' perceptions of the lesson (drawing one) and relationships to language learning theory and general learning theory could be made. Drawing two revealed pupils' perceptions of FL (English) per se, and relationships to Educational policy aims were made.

References

Brinton, D., Snow, M. and Wesche, M. (eds) (2003) Content-Based Second Language Instruction, Michigan, The University of Michigan Press. Bruner, J.S. (1983) Child's Talk: Learning to Use Language, New York, Norton. Coyle, D., Hood, P. and Marsh, D. (eds) (2010) CLIL Content and Language Integrated Learning, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Dalton-Puffer, C. and Nikula, T. (2006) ‘Pragmatics of content-based instruction: teacher and student directives in Finnish and Austrian classrooms’, Applied Linguistics, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 241–67, Oxford University Press. Halliday, M.A.K. (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar, 2nd edn, London, Edward Arnold. Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (1996) Reading Images. The Grammar of Visual Design, London, Routledge. Rabey, K. (2003) ‘Thinking aloud. Looking at children drawing in response to picture books’, in Arizpe, E. and Styles, M. (eds) Children Reading Pictures. Interpreting Visual Texts, London, Routledge Falmer. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978) Mind in Society, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

Author Information

Diana Millonig (presenting / submitting)
The Open University, UK
Mautern

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