Do Pparents Play A Crucial Role As Well? The Involvement Of Parents In the Implementation Of Educational Standards
Author(s):
Julia Zuber (presenting / submitting) Michaela Katstaller (presenting)
Conference:
ECER 2016
Format:
Paper

Session Information

11 SES 05 A, Paper Session

Paper Session

Time:
2016-08-24
13:30-15:00
Room:
OB-E2.14
Chair:
Rita Birzina

Contribution

In order to promote quality assurance and quality improvement in schools, most European countries have introduced instruments supporting the concept of evidence-based policy, such as educational standards and annual comparative student assessment. For instance, student achievement data can be reported to all actors in a school system to reinforce evidence-based school improvement.

Through the introduction of these new steering mechanisms, the formal steering architecture in multi-level school systems has changed. Under the new policy, all actors – government representatives, regional school administrators, teachers, parents and students – are to provide guidance and motivation for quality improvement in accordance with their individual roles (e.g. Halbheer & Reusser, 2008; Klieme, 2004; Oelkers & Reusser, 2008). Thus, actors must reorganise and reposition themselves in their roles and constellations within the multi-level system. The most drastic changes have been reported in school administrations: Their traditional intermediary role in matters of administration has shifted towards triatic counselling, inspection and administrative tasks (Preuss, 2013). This reflects the necessity of discussing quality improvement steps with schools based on data feedback under the new evidence-based policy.

Previous studies investigating the allocation of new tasks under evidence-based governance have primarily focused on teachers and the in-house use of data feedback for quality improvement in schools (e.g. van Gathen, 2006; Groß Ophoff, 2013; Maier, 2008). A few additional studies report findings on quality improvement strategies emerging from administrations and principals (e.g. Muslic, Ramsteck & Kuper, 2013). Although the new monitoring concept prescribes greater involvement on the part of parents (e.g. Kohler, 2003; Krumm, 1996), their role in the multi-level school system has not yet been investigated.

According to Altrichter and Kanape-Willingshofer (2012), parents’ involvement in the new evidence-based policy is especially important in intermediary mechanisms such as communication processes and the development of new decision-making policies. To date, there is no data on how parents implement these mechanisms or how they have reorganised and repositioned themselves under the new evidence-based policy. The newly introduced educational standards policy in Austria provides an opportunity to investigate the extent to which evidence-based steering instruments such as educational standards are implemented on all levels of the multi-level school system. This study seeks to provide first evidence of parents’ degree of involvement in the implementation of educational standards based on their subjective experiences

Method

The data presented in this study were collected as part of a larger study investigating the implementation of educational standards and the usage of data feedback resulting from educational standard testing. A total of nine primary schools in Upper Austria took part in qualitative expert interviews, and 12 parents were interviewed in 1-hour sessions. The interviews encompassed questions on familiarity with (1) educational standards, (2) the annual assessments and (3) teaching and learning methods in line with educational standard competence models, as well as on (4) students’ support at home. In addition, (5) parents’ knowledge and involvement in data usage strategies and quality improvement steps were investigated. The interviews were analysed in accordance with Mayring’s qualitative content analysis technique (2010) by inductively deriving categories from the interview data and analysing the material with the software QCAmap. In contrast to quantitative procedures, this inductive approach is well-suited for research that seeks to identify key themes by reducing the material to a set of categories. In order to allow other researchers to similarly implement the category formation process, it is important that the derived categories are theoretically sound.

Expected Outcomes

Our first findings indicate that parents’ primary information sources are the media and the school itself. However, their knowledge of the subject of interest is fragmentary. Parents are not provided with in-depth information on educational standards. Additionally, they are not aware of the main actors who implement and monitor educational standards. They are also generally unaware of their intended active roles, as they do not feel involved in the process. Although the parents in our study have been introduced to competency-oriented educational standard tasks at the locally organised school forum, they are unable to see how these tasks differ from previous achievement tasks. Due to this lack of awareness, they cannot support their children in exercise tasks designed to prepare students for the expected achievement tasks. Although schools inform parents about the institution’s test results, they do not consider themselves in any way responsible for the results, nor are they intrinsically motivated to be actively involved in the school’s developmental measures to improve students’ achievement levels. In summary, there is a discrepancy between what is expected from parents in the process of implementing educational standards in Austria’s educational system and their actual active involvement. The present data indicate that parents currently know little about educational standards and do not play a crucial role in elementary monitoring measures such as learning support adjusted to the required performance level in educational standard assessments. Poor achievement results are detrimental for students, their parents and the schools themselves. However, schools have several options to increase parents’ sustainable involvement in educational standard testing. We present a prevention-oriented concept to enhance parents’ awareness and their cooperative learning support, both locally and nationally.

References

Altrichter, H., & Kanape-Willingshofer, A. (2012). Bildungsstandards und externe Überprüfung von Schülerkompetenzen: Mögliche Beiträge externer Messungen zur Erreichung der Qualitätsziele der Schule. In B. Herzog-Punzenberger (Hrsgin.), Nationaler Bildungsbericht. Österreich 2012. Band 2 (S. 355-394). Graz: Leykam. Halbheer, U., & Reusser, K. (2008). Output-Steuerung, Accountability, Educational Go-vernance – Einführung in die Geschichte, Begrifflichkeiten und Funktionen von Bildungsstandards. Beiträge zur Lehrerbildung, 26, 253-266. Gathen, J.v.d. (2006). Grenzen der innerschulischen Rezeption von Rückmeldungen aus Large-Scale-Assessments. Journal für Schulentwicklung, 10(4), 13-19. Groß Ophoff, J. (2013). Lernstandserhebungen. Reflexion und Nutzung. Münster: Waxmann. Klieme, E. (2004). Begründung, Implementation und Wirkung von Bildungsstandards. Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, 50, 625-634. Kohler, B. (2006). Schulleistungen aus der Sicht der Eltern. Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Umgang mit Ergebnissen leistungsvergleichender Studien. Die Deutsche Schule, 98(3), 337-350. Krumm, V. (1996). Schulleistung – auch eine Leistung der Eltern. Die heimliche und die offene Zusammenarbeit von Eltern und Lehrern und wie sie verbessert werden kann. In W. Specht und J. Tonhauser (Hrsg.), Schulqaulität (S. 256-290). Innsbruck: Studien Verlag. Maier, U. (2008). Rezeption und Nutzung von Vergleichsarbeiten aus der Perspektive von Lehrkräften. Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, 54, 95-117. Mayring, P. (2010). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen und Techniken. Beltz Verlag. Muslic, B., Ramsteck, C., & Kuper, H. (2013). Das Verhältnis von Schulleitung und Schulaufsicht im Kontext testbasierter Schulreform. Die Deutsche Schule, 12, 97-121. Oelkers, J., & Reusser, K. (2008). Qualität entwickeln – Standards sichern – mit Differenz umgehen. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Peek, R. (2004). Qualitätsuntersuchung an Schulen zum Unterricht in Mathematik (QuaSUM) – Klassenbezogene Ergebnisrückmeldung und ihre Rezeption in Brandenburger Schulen. Empirische Pädagogik, 18, 82-114. Preuß, B. (2013). Akteurskonstellation zwischen Schulträger und Schule. Die Deutsche Schule, 12, 154-172.

Author Information

Julia Zuber (presenting / submitting)
Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria
Michaela Katstaller (presenting)
Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg
School of Education
Salzburg

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