Totalitarian regimes have attempted to shape a version of education to maintain power. However, they have come close to realizing that education is the trojan horse without which economies would collapse, but with it, their ideology will shatter. I have argued that education develops certain characteristics (Marxian characteristics of the individual) that would eventually undermine any external imposition on education. This is a case study of communist Albania, however, it has relevance for other post-communist societies, and a warning for anyone who aspires to establish control via education.

I have relied on historicism, have criticized presentism, and have noted the limitations of critical theories to analyze totalitarian literature. I have attempted to introduce a theory to make up for the limitation of critical theories in my reading of the literature.

I have proposed that Marx argues for specific "characteristics" of the individual as indispensable for a successful revolution. I have also argued that the revolution applied in Russia and Albania overlooked these "characteristics," and organized a revolution, and eventually a system of public education, that became the Trojan Horse of the communist enterprise.

Marx, The Capital I, II, and III, Small, Marx and Education Hoxha, all 52 Volumes, Critical theories,