Assessment of Educational Needs of Parents of Young Children: Case in a Kindergarten in Turkey

Session Information

SES C 04, Paper Session

Paper Session

Time:
2010-08-23
13:30-15:00
Room:
Sali 118 (NW 21), Aurora
Chair:
Ian Menter

Contribution

Parent education programs are served to help parents improve their parenting knowledge, skills and behaviors with an ultimate aim of contributing to well being of children. Based on different parenting topics, methods and format, a number of parent education programs have been developed so far. Several evaluations with regard to parent education programs have indicated that they may make difference in the development and education of children (Becher, 1984; Brim, 1957; Owen & Mulvihill, 1994; Johnson, Jiang & Yoon, 2000). However, despite its promising consequences, low attendance of parents to parent education programs have been a major concern (Zepeda, Varela, & Morales, 2004). It was discussed that for any parent education program to be effective, it is required that they are designed based on the needs of parents (DeBord, et al, 1997; Heath, 1987; Jacobson & Engelbrecht, 2000). As parents are diverse, their needs and preferences are diverse. A needs assessment study for parent education programs become, therefore, the first step to generally measure the parental interest and preferences in information topics; problems related to parenthood; values regarding child rearing and use of various sources of support (Gowen et al., 1993). Purpose of this study is then considering afore mentioned points is to conduct a needs assessment study in order to identify educational needs of parents of young children in a public school ultimately to develop an effective parent education curriculum for them under the umbrella of family involvement activities. Results of this study are assumed to help the school administration concerned to hear the voice of the parents concerning parent education programs so that their needs will be met as service receivers. Following research questions are to be investigated throughout the study: 1. What are the needs of parents regarding content of the program? 2. What are the needs of parents regarding method of the program? 3. What are the needs of parents regarding schedule of the program?

Method

This study has a survey design. It describes educational needs of parents of young children attending to a public preschool and kindergarten in Turkey based on 3 dimensions: content of the program, method of the program and schedule of the program. Need for the content of the program was measured by the discrepancy between parents’ knowledge level and level of interest in any parenting topics as they rated items on a 4 points scale. Needs for the method and the schedule of the parent education program were measured by asking parents to rate their preferences for teaching methods in the delivery of the content and time and duration of the program which would be more appropriate for them to participate. 91 questionnaires out of 310 were at the end involved in this study so that response rate was 25.28%.

Expected Outcomes

Five content areas which have been prioritized based on the frequency of parents’ ratings were respectvely found to be family stress and coping skills, behavior problems in early childhood, sex education in early childhood, sibling rivalry in early childhood and learning activities for children in early childhood. In relation to the method of program, majority of parents respectively preferred seminars/panels given by experts, audio visual presentations, book discussions and newsletters to be sent to home. Finally, concerning the schedule of the program, the most favorite time was found to be weekend afternoons, while the duration of the program was preferred to be between 1 and 3 weeks. From study it was inferred that parents of young children appear to prefer to learn a content if it has more practical and concrete consequences for them rather than being more theoretical and majority of parents view home visit as being an inappropriate method for parent education despite its advantages established in literature. Moreover time and duration preferences to a largest degree reveal parents' limited avaliability to attend to parent education programs.

References

Johnson, D. L., Jiang, Y. H., & Yoon, R. M. (2000). Families in the school: How did a parent education program change parent behaviors related to school student achievement(Report No. TM010830)? New Orleans: Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of American Research Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED441012) Owen, M. T., & Mulvihill, B. A. (1994). Benefits of a parent education and support program in the first three years. Family Relations, 43(2), 206-212. Powell, D. R. (1990). Parent education and support programs. (Report No. 19900000). Urbana: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED320261) Wood, W. D., & Baker, J. A. (1999). Preferences for parent education programs among low socioeconomıc status, culturally diverse parents. Psychology in the Schools, 36(3), 239-247. Zepeda M, Varela F, Morales A. (2004). Promoting positive parenting practices through parent education. Building State Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems Series, No. 13. Halfon N, Rice T, and Inkelas M, eds : National Center for Infant and Early Childhood Health Policy.

Author Information

Middle East Technical University
Educational Sciences
Ankara

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