In most countries of the world the participation of young people in sport is associated with positive outcomes in the physical, emotional, psychosocial and social domains. Taking a systematic perspective, in this paper the relationship between sport and education in Physical Education, as well as in extra-curricular settings such as sport clubs, are discussed with regard to three different aspects: (i) education about sport, (ii) education in sport and (iii) education through sport. From a pedagogical point of view, education in sport and education through sport are of crucial importance when we want to know what and how young people learn in a sport-related setting. The presentation will focus on international empirical research with regard to the following two questions. The first question is about the outcomes of participation in PE and Youth Sport. In this part, empirical evidence on what young people learn - or do not learn - through participation in sport is presented. The second question considers how young people learn in PE and sport. In this section, the pedagogical processes leading to effective learning are considered.