International teacher education laboratory - Developing inclusive values and ideas through e-portfolios

Author(s):

Bettina Amrhein(presenting / submitting)Meike Kricke(presenting)

Conference:

ECER 2013

Network:

04. Inclusive Education

Format:

Paper

Session Information

04 SES 09 B, Teacher Education

Paper Session

Time:

2013-09-12

11:00-12:30

Room:

D-501

Chair:

Anne Nevøy

Contribution

Since the ratification oft the UN-Convention school-systems around the world have started to implement features of inclusive systems. As a consequence teacher education also has the obligation to prepare all students to be able to effectively engage in the rapidly changing education landscape towards inclusion. Forlin (2010, 650) points out: “Teacher education can provide a holistic view of diversity that allows teachers to develop critical inclusive pedagogies”.

But how can student teachers be best prepared for a heterogeneous classroom?

The European Agency (2012) presented the findings of an international study[1] on inclusive teacher education and recommended a profile for inclusive teachers. The following core values relating to teaching and learning were identified: Valuing the Learner Diversity, Supporting All Learners, Working with others, Personal Professional Development.

In this research project we focus on “Valuing Learner Diversity”. The areas of competence within this core value relate to conceptions of inclusive education and the learner´s own view of difference.

The research-project is based on a university-course (University of Cologne) that is part of the first practice period in teacher education. Fifty teacher students, from all school types, have been working on key-reflection tools in consideration of „Valuing Learner Diversity“. The students who work in teams have documented their process in e-portfolios.

Previous findings (Amrhein& Kricke 2013) demonstrate that students´ attitudes on inclusive education changes slowly. Moreover, as a result of difficult or negative experiences with mentors who are not able to deal with diversity in the classroom students’ attitude towards inclusion can even deteriorate (ibid). To counter such developments an international component was added to the pilot seminar:

The Cologne students will be enabled to get in dialog about inclusive values with teacher students from all over the world via a virtual e-portfolio-platform. This will encourage all international students to work on the same reflecting-tools and key-questions. The aim is to widen the perspectives about becoming a teacher in inclusive developments and to support the students in the process of becoming aware of their attitudes in consideration of contrasting perspectives.

The seminar offers different ways of “inclusive treatment”:

(International) peer reflections: working on metaphorical questions, “working theories”, personal attitudes, “biographical journey”-exercises
practice period in “integrative” settings
theoretical inputs about inclusive developments
attitudes about inclusive values
e-portfolio documentation and reflection

The focus lies on a multiperspective reflection-process based on a heterogeneous student-group. Previous studies showed the importance of reflection processes for inclusive teacher education: it could be shown that attitudes, beliefs and values in initial teacher education play a key-role (Avramidis 2002).

Taking the well documented „ importance of positive experiences in changing attitudes” (TE4I: p. 31 opp. & challenges) into account, the research project raises the following question:

Do dialogic reflection processes with and encouraged by international peers positively effect the student’s attitudes concerning one of the core values of Inclusive Teacher Education: „Learner Diversity“?

The Teacher Ecucation for Inclusion project (TE4I)

Method

The analysis is based on written reflections (semi-structured questions concerning inclusive values) of fifty German teacher students and about 50 teacher students in international courses. Semi-structured-question formats guarantee that a broad spectrum of issues can be discussed. A semi-structured outline “increases the comprehensiveness of responses” (Cohen et al. 2006: 353) and concedes “greater flexibility and freedom” (ibid.: 355). The data analysis will rely on a twelve-step-analysis by Altheide (1996). To structure the data, the following categories were used: “conceptions of inclusive education”, “similarities and differences among International students”, “effectiveness of treatments”. The categories were constructed with regard to the key issue: value of teacher education and its viability for contemporary changes of educational cultures and demands for the later work. In order to identify whether the “inclusive treatment” of the international pilot-seminar-students effects student’s attitudes and beliefs a pre-post design will be established. During this course, the pilot-seminar-students (N=50) and a similar control group (N=50) will respond to a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed question-formats. The data analysis will rely on frequency counts and qualitative content analysis (Mayring 2008).

Expected Outcomes

The expected outcomes of the study are: German student teachers show more critical attitudes in terms of inclusive learning settings in comparison to other international students, because of a lack in personal experience as a result of the German school System, that is strongly built on the practice of ability grouping in the classroom. The beliefs and attitudes of German students can “move” towards a more positive outlook towards inclusive learning in schools, if multi-perspective and varied reflection-work-processes are established. Particularly the international reflection-component of this seminar may effect attitudes concerning the inclusive schooling positively because German teacher students will experience that their “impression of school” may vary considaribly in contrast to others.

References

Altheide, David L. (1996): Qualitative Media Analysis, London: Sage. Amrhein, B.; Kricke, M. (2013): LehrerInnenbildung für eine inklusive Schule: Chancen portfoliogestützter Reflexionsarbeit in der Begleitung von Orientierungspraktika, In: Rohr & Hummelsheim & Kricke & Amrhein (2013): Reflexionsmethoden in der Praktikumsbegleitung - Am Beispiel der Lehramtsausbildung an der Universität zu Köln. Avramidis, E. & Norwich, B. 2002. Teachers' attitudes towards integration/inclusion: a review of the literature, European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17, 2, 129-147 Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K. (2007) Research Methods in Education, 6th edition, London and New York: Routledge. European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education (2011): TEACHER EDUCATION FOR INCLUSION ACROSS EUROPE– Challenges and Opportunities. European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education (2012): Teacher Education for Inclusion - Profile of Inclusive Teachers, URL: http://www.european-agency.org/agency-projects/Teacher-Education-for-Inclusion/Profile-of-Inclusive-Teachers.pdf [25.01.2013] Forlin, C. (2010) Developing and implementing quality inclusive education in Hong Kong: implications for teacher education. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 10 (1), 177-184 Mayring (2008): Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen und Techniken (Beltz Pädagogik).

Author Information

Bettina Amrhein (presenting / submitting)

Center for Teacher Education/ University of Cologne, Germany

Meike Kricke (presenting)

University of Cologne

Center for Teacher Education

Cologne

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