Reflection In Novice Teachers’ Case Stories

Session Information

ERG SES C 12, Poster Session

Poster Session

Time:
2013-09-09
11:00-12:30
Room:
A-205
Chair:
Fiona Hallett

Contribution

Since Dewey (1933) several studies have explored the different contents and levels of reflection in the professional development of teachers (e.g., Schön, 1983; Kolb, 1984; Griffiths & Tann, 1992; Hatton & Smith, 1995; Levander, 2004). As a result different conceptions of reflection have emerged, but according to the general standpoint reflection is a prerequisite to high-quality teaching and to teachers’ development. Researchers share the opinion that the active and careful examination of a teacher’s thoughts is important for the improvement teaching (e.g. Schön, 1987; Mälkki & Lindblom-Ylänne, 2012).

To support novice teachers in their first years of practice in Estonia, a national Induction year program financed by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research has been in progress since the academic year of 2004/2005. As one of the important issues in supporting teachers’ professional development is helping the novice teachers during the induction year to effectively analyse their own teaching and learning experience and supporting their professional development (Eisenschmidt, 2006). Supporting the development of reflective practitioner is an important theme in these seminars.

          This study, within the context of Adult Learning and Experiential Learning Theories examines how novice teachers learn through reflection during induction seminars. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the reflection in case stories of novice teachers. The study aimed to find answers to the following questions:

  • Which levels of reflection occur in novice teachers’ case stories (according to Korthagen and Vasalos, 2005)?
  • How does the usage of the reflection model change the occurance of reflection levels (according to Gibbs, 1988)? 

Method

For data collection we used case stories that enable to gather information about the professional development of teachers, reflecting their knowledge and beliefs (Richards, Moore & Gipe, 1996; Smith, 2011). Sixteen novice teachers wrote case stories twice during their induction year − without and with a structured model. The subject of the case story was a meaningful event in the teachers work that was defined as an important and unforgettable situation that took place during the teaching practice and had a special meaning for the writer of the case story. The first case story was written without relying on any model while the second case story was based on Gibbs’ model of reflection (1988). For data analysis the combination of qualitative and quantitative content analysis was used. The reflection levels in novice teachers case stories were analysed using qualitative structured content analysis based on the onion model of Korthagen & Vasalos (2005) describing the levels of recflection.

Expected Outcomes

According to the results of the study the most common level of reflection in teachers’ case stories was the level of environment (based on Korthagen and Vasalos). Based on frequency the next reflection level was the level of behaviour followed by the levels of competencies and beliefs. The levels of identity and mission were the least presented. Therefore the results indicated that the deeper was the reflection level of the onion model of Korthagen and Vasalos (2005), the less novice teachers reflected on it. The results of the study demonstrated that in case stories written according to Gibbs’ model of reflection (1988) the levels of environment and behaviour occured less in comparison to stories written without any model and the occurance of the levels of competencies and beliefs increased. The decrease in the occurance of the levels of environment and behaviour could be related to the of Gibbs’ model of reflection (1988) as according to Gibbs the teacher has to reflect in all consecutive stages. This study indicated the usefulness of model based case stories for supporting the more elaborated reflection in deeper levels.

References

Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process (2nd ed.). Boston: D. C. Heath. Eisenschmidt, E. (2006). Kutseaasta kui algaja õpetaja toetusprogrammi rakendamine Eestis. Doktoritöö. Tallinn: Tallinna Ülikool. Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by Doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Birmingham: SCED. Griffiths, M., & Tann, S. (1992). Using reflective practice to link personal and public theories. Journal of Education for Teaching 18(1), 69–84. Hatton, N., & Smith, D. (1995). Reflection in teacher education: Towards definition and implementation. Teaching and Teacher Education 11(1), 33–49. Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Korthagen, F. A. J., & Vasalos, A (2005). Levels in reflection: Core reflection as a means to enhance professional growth. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice 11(1), 47–71. Levander, L. (2004). Reflektio yliopisto-opettajan työssä. S. Lindblom-Ylänne, & A. Nevgi (Eds.), Yliopisto- ja korkeakouluopettajan käsikirja (pp. 452–468). Vantaa: Dark Oy. Mann, K., Gordon, J., & Macleod, A. (2009). Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: a systematic reviev. Advances in Health Sciences Education 14. 595–621). Springer. Mälkki, K., & Lindblom-Ylänne, S. (2012). From reflection to action? Barriers and bridges between higher education teachers’ thoughts and actions. Studies in Higher Education, 37(1), 33–50. Poom-Valickis, K. (2007). Algajate õpetajate professionaalne areng kutseaastal. Analüütiline ülevaade. TLÜ Kirjastus. Richards, J. C., Moore, R. C., & Gipe, J. P. (1996). Preservice Teachers´ Cases in an Early Feeld Placement. Charleston. Schön, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Schön, D. (1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner. New York: Basic Books. Smith, D. (2011). Supporting New teacher development using narrative-based professional learning. Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Reflective Practice 13(1) 146–165.

Author Information

Liina Lepp (presenting / submitting)
University of Tartu, Estonia
Kindergarten Meelespea of Tartu
Tartu
University of Tartu, Estonia
University of Tartu, Estonia
University of Tartu, Estonia

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