Session Information
08 SES 10 JS, Policy, Practice and Partnership: Teaching Physical Activity for Health in Schools
Paper Session
Joint Session with NW 15 and NW 18
Contribution
Official reports and policy documents state that the sport will give young people the power and influence. A considerable number of initiatives have been taken to increase their means of influence (RF 2005, 2011). Though this initiatives have research about young people's influence within the sport been scarce. A lot of attention has been given to youth participating in the sports movement (Rowe & Champion 2000; Butcher et al. 2002; Sarrazin et al. 2002; Franzén & Peterson 2004) and youths rights and opportunities to participate (MacPhail et al. 2003; Svender et al., 2012) while questions regarding young people’s opportunity to make their voices heard have been ignored.
The aim of the study is to explore young coaches’ possibilities and experiences of influence in the Swedish sports movement with a focus on young people's own voices to influence and have power.
The specific questions are as follows: (i) which young coaches are believed to be capable of having an influence? ii) what means of influence experience young coaches that they have.
Previous research show that young people’s voices have received less attention and young people have no influence in many of the context in which they find themselves (Evans 2007, p 693). This is also valid in a Swedish context. For example research show that the annual general meeting is regarded as an important arena for exerting influence, as is being a club committee member; however, it has been hard attracting young coaches to these arenas (Redelius 2005; Trondman 2005).
The sports movement can be seen as a cultural and social practice where certain values, norms, and actions are more evident than others. In order to understand actions and strategies based on the individual–group relationship and the social context they find themselves in, we are supported by the theories and concepts of Bourdieu.
Bourdieu (1990) describes how the social world consists, on the one hand, of objective structures that also exist outside symbolic systems, such as languages and myths, which depend on the agents’ consciousness and desires, and, on the other hand, symbolic structures, the origin of which forms a function of perceptions, ideas, and actions that the individuals construct. The socially constructed symbol systems act as classification schemes for the social world, which means that the structures are perceived as natural.
Based on Bourdieu’s theories, certain social contexts can be regarded as social fields, among them, sport, which is characterized by having its own logic and defining its own rules, rules that everyone within the field must abide by and that often are obvious and taken for granted (Bourdieu 1988, 1997; Munk & Lind 2004).
Using Bourdieu’s theories makes it possible to penetrate the value structures and patterns of behavior in a social practice that the agents are partly unaware of. The starting point is, therefore, that the sports movement is a social field in which the experiences the agents have incorporated, together with the objective structures, determine who is allowed to enter and influence the field.
Method
Expected Outcomes
References
Bourdieu, P. (1988) ‘Program for a Sociology of Sport’, Sociology of Sport Journal 5 (2), 153–61. Bourdieu, P. (1990) The Logic of Practise (Cambridge, Polity Press). Bouchet, A. & Lehe, A. (2010) Volunteer Coaches in Youth Sports Organizations: Their Values, Motivations & How to Recruit, & Retain, The Journal of Youth Sports, 5(1), 21-24. Butcher, J., Lindner, K. J & Johns, D.P (2002) Withdrawal from Competitive Youth Sport: A Retrospective Ten-year Study, Journal of Sport Behavior, 25(2), 145-163. Denzin, N., K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998) Collecting and interpretering qualitative materials (London, Sage Publ.). Evans, S.D. (2007) Youth sense of community: Voice and power in Community Contexts, Journal of community psychology, 35(6), 693-709. Munck, M & Lind, J. B. (2004) Sport’s Cultural Pool: An Analysis of the Sport’s Fields Autonomy Illustrated Using Pierre Bourdieu’s Method. (Copenhagen: Copenhagen University). Redelius, K. (2005) Sporting Youngsters: Entitled to Influence?] in Leve idrottspedagogiken! En vänbok tillägnad Lars-Magnus Engström [Long Live Sport Pedagogy! A Festschrift in Honour of Lars-Magnus Engström ed. K. Redelius & H. Larsson (Stockholm: HLS förlag). RF:The Swedish Government (2005) [Power to Shape Society and One’s Own Life: New Equality Policy Goals], Government bill 2005/06:155. Sarrazin, P., Vallerand, R., Guillet, E., Pelletier, L. & Cury, F. (2002) Motivation and dropout in female handballers: a 21-month prospective study, European Journal of Social Psychology,32, 395-418. Svender, J., Larsson, H. & Redelius, K. (2012) Promoting girls' participation in sports: discursive constructions of girls in a sports initiative, Sport, Education & Society, 17(4), 463. Trondman, Mats (2005) Young People and Club Sport: A Study of the Place, Meaning, and Consequences of Club Sport in the Lives of Young People, The Publications of the National Board for Youth Affairs 2005:9.
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