Contribution
Finnish educational policy and governance has been changed substantially after mid 1980's. There has been a move from bureaucratic and rule governed ways of government to governing which emphasizes the freedom and responsibility of local levels. As part of these changes evaluation was introduced and made statutory in educational legislation 1998. Evaluations are obliged to carry out at national, local and also at school levels. In addition, the school choice for pupils and parents of comprehensive school was introduced in the new legislation. These changes can be seen as new ways to govern schools and education. However, control has not disappeared but the form and techniques of control have changed. The purpose of this study is to examine the construction of evaluative practices and ways of thinking evaluation on local level and also the (constituted) effects of evaluation on local level. The question is how and what kind of evaluative practices, thinking and effects are constructed through local evaluation documents and local level actors talk. Mediation of evaluative thinking and discourses between national and local levels and inside the local level will be also in the interest of this research. Thus, relations between national and local discourses will also be scrutinized. Theoretical perspective of the research is on governing and governmentality (Dean 1999; Foucault 2000; Rose & Miller 1989). By means of analytics of government, fields of visibility, technical aspects (techne), forms of knowledge (episteme) and forms of individual and collective identities (ethos), through which governing operates, can be analysed. Through the analysis of government, it is possible to pay attention to socially constructed inevitabilities and self-evidences, which often are unseen elements of historically contingent social practices. Revealing these self-evidences gives room to see things otherwise. So, analysis of government can be seen as kind of conducting criticism. Finally, the results of empirical level will be interpreted through framework of governing; how are the local practices and ways of thinking evaluation working as a way to govern and as a way of shaping who we are. The study is part of collaborative research project "Fabricating Evaluation in European Education". The research material consists of national, local and school level evaluation documents and interviews of local and school level actors. Three different Finnish "frontline evaluation" localities, municipalities, will be chosen as research subjects. In each of them, one to three comprehensive schools will be selected for more careful examination. Preliminary results from one local evaluative practice will be presented at the conference.Dean, M. 1999. Governmentality. Power and Rule in Modern Society. London: SAGE Publi-cations. Foucault, M. 2000. Governmentality. Teoksessa J. D. Faubion (toim.) Power. Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984. Volume Three. (2. uudistettu painos) The New Press: New York. 201-222. Miller, P. & Rose, N. 1989. Poliittiset rationalisaatiot ja hallintatekniikat. Politiikka XXXI, 145-158.
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