The Unfinished Education In The "Eight European Key-Competences". About The Anthropological Responsibility Of An European Citizen Towards The World
Author(s):
Cristian Simoni (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2014
Format:
Paper

Session Information

ERG SES C 14, Theories of Education

Paper Session

Time:
2014-09-01
11:00-12:30
Room:
FPCEUP - 254
Chair:
Tiago Neves

Contribution

My Ph.D. research in Philosophy of education aims to discuss and criticize some wide-accepted concepts in nowadays education sciences. I try to discover and show which kind of human beings emerge from different sources (anthropological question), especially from the pedagogical academic discourse and the official and international documents on education, as the one about the “Eight European key-competences” of the EU. The main problem going through the different sections of the work is if what is ecumenically assumed about education is able to be defined, really, all what is very important for the personal development of a pupil of an European school. For this conference I'd like to propose a critic about the concept of competence seen as something objective, operative and only functional, to be spent in the “so-done-society” where we live and in order to reach, as best end, knowledges and skills especially directed to the professional world.

I try to demonstrate that something else has to be requested from a human education and as to become really an European citizen means to dedicate some of our learning-time to cultivate inside faculties of our mind and discover as to nourish them (meaning of education). What I'm saying is that an European educated citizen cannot be primary identifiable by as the one that knows how to be successfully employed or simply by the fact that at the end of schools he integrates well in the UE society.

The European citizenship has a sort of responsibility towards the world in telling something about what has been understood about mankind in his huge experience in his history. Concepts as competence, skills and “useful” know ledges risk to mutilate the best of what we can become, and the best of what can be "spent" in the future of our Union. I suggest that the notion of future of the single individual implied is poorly one way connected to his future inside the economical and technological processes, but these, we know, change very quickly.

In addition to this some questions: are nowadays education proposals blind towards the meaning of to be European inside a global world? Really a taxonomy of abilities can expire all what we can expect from an educated European person, is this our single cultural identity passport to the world?

Starting from the official Italian "National Indications For the Compulsory Schools”, document elaborated by the Education Ministry Office, linked to the European key-competence, I try to reflect about the possibility for the European education to do an effort in order to go beyond the "skill-paradigma", which I do not reject in a total sense if it refers to a professional sphere, but in the sense that this has become really a sort of "iper-paradigma" so next to be to be taken as a "dogma". After the critical part I'll propose some issues which could on my opinion bring education to further choices in order to promote trough education an European self-consciousness for a global responsible euro citizen.

Method

This work is a theoretical one concerning some aspects of the philosophy of education. It starts from an anthropological study especially following the lessons of Paul Ricouer, Jacques Maritain and Arnaud Reid. I have thought to weight all these lessons against the pedagogical "vulgata" of nowadays official . Another group of studies concerning the status of humans in our Western societies that I've considered are also the ones of the Frankfurt School: Horkheimer, Adorno and Marcuse but also other crucial critical thinkers as Anders and Baudrillard. From these philosophers I take some indispensable analysis and critics about the influence of mass media, technology and “operational thinking”. The paper continues trying to show the implicit ideas about the aims of education emerging in our educational system and if they can be considered sufficient and respectful of the entire human person growing up, and if they are really representative of an European educational vocation. Specifically I can say about the methodology involved here is that for the question of the individual I follow the phenomenological-hermeneutical project of Paul Ricouer and his concept of self in relation to the others and the institutions. In addition to this I have assumed precious elements from the critical theory in order to illuminate the meaning of the public choices taken in the matter of European education. All these studies bring me to declare that education in Europe has forgotten or mutilated his knowledge about who is the person we are going to educate, refusing in a certain way the long humanistic reflection including the ones after the Second World War. For this research inevitable different sources have to be considered in order to pay attention to the field where education is cultivated: the one of the anthropological speculation, the official documents on education, the condition of European society, the European history especially the recent one with the reconsideration of the aspirations of the European peoples after the ends of the intestine wars.

Expected Outcomes

What I expect from this study is to demonstrate the unfinished proposals on education offered by the document concerning the "Eight key-competences" but also the consequent risk for the world of educational research to follow too much one single direction, offering to young researchers only one dimension: after the marcusian one dimensional man, the one dimensional education? The final proposal is to remember more (and respect more) the anthropological suggestions grown to maturity in our continent due to the European history and the theoretical results of great thinkers. About maturity: this paper intends to arrive at the conclusion that a very well-done education - and cultural proposal - is the one that doesn't have its core inside the preoccupation of what the pupil will be able to do, but will be able to be. According to this I propose, following the anthropological lectures, some human universally faculties to be considered as more precious than the abilities and skills, these too much linked only to the referent society or the historical moment. The very last expected finding is to bind a whole-person education with an aspiration to a really specifically European world citizenship, which force to exclude any economical, technological and psychobiological reductionism.

References

Adorno Theodor W., Minima Moralia. Meditazioni della vita offesa, Einaudi, Torino 1994 (ed. or. 1951) Adorno Theodor W., Teoria della Halbbildung, a cura di G. Sola e trad. it di A. Marietti Solmi, Il melangolo, Genova 2010 (ed. or. 1972). Anders Günther, L’uomo è antiquato. I. Considerazioni sull’anima nell’epoca della seconda rivoluzione industriale, trad. it. L. Dallapiccola, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2003 (ed. or. 1956). Anders Günther, L’uomo è antiquato. II. Sulla distruzione della vita nell’epoca della terza rivoluzione industriale, trad. it. M. A. Mori, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2007 (ed. or. 1980). Aristotele, Etica Nicomachea, Bompiani, Milano 2001.Baudrillard Jean, Le strategie fatali, Feltrinelli, trad. it. di S. D’Alessandro, Milano 2007 (ed. or. 1983). Chomsky Noam, Democrazia e istruzione. Non c’è libertà senza l’educazione, Edup, Roma, 2004. Chomsky Noam, Conoscenza e libertà. Interpretare e cambiare il mondo, Il Saggiatore, Milano, 2010 (ed. Originale 1971). Dunne Joseph, Back to the rough grounds: : Practical Judgment and the Lure of Technique, University of Notre Dame Press, 1997. Marcuse Herbert, L’uomo ad una dimensione, trad. it. di L. Gallino e T. Giani Gallino, Einaudi, Torino 1999 (ed. Originale 1964). Maritain Jacques, Per una filosofia dell’educazione, a cura di G. Galeazzi, La Scuola, Brescia 2001. Frankl Viktor E., Uno psicologo nei Lager, Ares, Milano 2012. Gadamer Hans-Georg, Bildung e umanesimo, a cura di G. Sola e trad. it. di S. Sistig, Il melangolo, Genova 2012 (conferenze dal 1944-1991). Guardini Romano, L'opposizione polare. Saggio per una filosofia del concreto vivente, Morcelliana, Brescia 1997. Horkheimer Max, Adorno Theodor W., Dialettica dell’Illuminismo, Einaudi, Torino 2010 (ed. originale 1944 e 1947). Popper R. Karl, I tre mondi. Corpi, opinioni e oggetti del pensiero, trad. it. di P. Rumore, il Mulino 2012 (ed. or. 1979). Popper Karl R., Eccles John C., L’io e il suo cervello 2. Strutture e funzioni cerebrali, a cura e trad. it. di B. Continenza, Armando, Roma 1981 (ed. or. 1977). Popper Karl R., Eccles John C., L’io e il suo cervello 3. Dialoghi aperti tra Popper e Eccles, a cura e trad. it. di B. Continenza, Armando, Roma 1981 (ed. or. 1977). Reid Louis Arnauld, Filosofia e Pedagogia, a cura e trad. it. di Diega Orlando, Maccari, Parma 1967 (ed. or. 1962) Ricouer Paul, La persona, a cura e trad. it. di I. Bartoletti,Morcelliana, Brescia 1997 (ed. or. 1992). Ricouer Paul, Sé come un altro, Jaca Book, Milano 2011. Ricouer Paul, Percorsi del riconoscimento, Raffaello Cortina, Milano 2005. Official documents on education: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/education_training_youth/lifelong_learning/c11090_en.htm http://www.indicazioninazionali.it/documenti_Indicazioni_nazionali/DM_254_201_GU.pdf

Author Information

Cristian Simoni (presenting / submitting)
University of Padua
FISPPA (philosophy, sociology, pedagogy, applied psychology)
Ferrara

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