Session Information
23 SES 02 C, HE, Diversity, Inclusion and Justice
Paper Session
Contribution
This paper raises questions and presents some suggestions as to the future of equity under new forms of educational governance. The paper draws from research projects in Australia on entrepreneurial, and locates itself within a wider discussion within education policy sociology around key issues as to the role of the nation state, forms of governance and social inclusion/exclusion. While the focus us on the university, it argues that universities are nodes in wider networks of commercial, community and scholarly networks that are premised more on contractualism than a social covenant. The paper explores how different responses to economic, cultural and political globalization have changed the nature of educational governance due to an emerging global architecture of governance (Epstein et al 2007, Rizvi and Lingard 2010)informed by often conflicting pressures: standardization due to governance by numbers (Rizvi and Lingard 2010), Europeanisation (Cowles et al 2012 ), the ‘Asia century’ (CGA 2013 ) and internationalization (Gribble and Blackmore 2012). While much has been written on each, this paper will analyse any convergences and divergences these pressures mean for Australia which sits outside such regional political, social and economic arrangements and higher education in particular. Within this context, the paper draws from a re- theorization of notions of contractualism developed from Yeatman’s (1994) notion of ‘a new contractualism’ emerging with corporate governance (Rawolle 2013). In particular this paper explores how equity policy can be understood within be ‘geographies and economies of knowledge’ (Esptein et al 2007) in the rapidly changing field of higher education. Feminists have argued that Europeanisation has had contradictory benefits for equity as individual nation states translate the processes of Europeanisation into policy and practice (Rees 2008, Salisbury and Ridell 2000). The context is one, we argued, marked by the spread of contractualism (Yeatman 1996, Rawolle 2013), which can be understood to be changing the nature of academic and professional practice and in turn how equity is understood and enacted in and through policy. Serial contracting (outshoring, offshoring, casualisation etc,) in particular raises issues of accountability for equitable outcomes. This analysis will consider how equity is increasingly understood within the Australian context a ‘national asset’ (Rawolle 2013), a form of capital (Savage 2012) to be mobilized in the national interest so that there is not ‘wasted talent’(Blackmore 2014). It asks what external and domestic pressures are being brought to bear with regard to how equity policy is enacted into practice in higher education in the context of competitive global education. The research suggests that as universities are becoming more networked at the institutional and individual level ranging from performance management through to partnership, quasi-legal agreements an performance, how equity is negotiated at the level of practice and the discourses around diversity are problematic (Ahmed 2012). The paper draws from wider debates regarding contractualism and how equity is addressed e.g Pateman’s notion of the sexual contract, Miller’s notions of a racial contract.
Method
Expected Outcomes
References
Ahmed, S. (2012). On being included. Racism and diversity in institutional life. Duke University Press. Allen, E., Iverson, S., & Ropers-Hullman, T. (Eds.). (2010). Reconstructing policy in higher education: Feminist poststructural perspectives. Routledge. Blackmore, J. 2014. Gender and the problematics of academic disenchantment and disengagement Higher Education Research and Development. forthcoming Blackmore, J. (2010) Bureaucratic, corporate/market and network governance: shifting spaces for gender equity in education Gender, Work and Organisation. 18(5) 433-66. Cowles, M., et al. eds. 2012 Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change. Davies, B., & Bansel, P. 2007. Governmentality and academic work: Shaping the hearts and minds of academic workers. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing 23(2). Deem, R. (2001). Globalisation, new managerialism, academic capitalism and entrepreneurialism in universities: Is the local dimension still important. Comparative Education 37(1), 7–20. Commonwealth Government of Australia. 2013 Australia in the Asia Century Canberra Epstein, D., Boden, R., Deem, R., Rizvi, F., & Wright, S. Eds. 2008. Geographies of knowledge, geometries of power, HE in the 21st C. World Yearbook. Routledge Gribble,C. & Blackmore, J. 2012. Re-positioning Australia's international education in global knowledge economies Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 34(4), 341-354 Metcalfe, A., & Slaughter, S. 2008 Differential effects of academic capitalism on women in the academy. In J. Glazer-Raymo (Ed.), Unfinished business: New and continuing gender challenges in higher education. Johns Hopkins. Pateman, C. and Mills, C. 2007. Contract and Domination. Polity. Rawolle, S 2013 Understanding equity as an asset to national interest: developing a social contract analysis of policy', Discourse 34(2),231-44. Salisbury, J. and Riddell, S. Eds. 2000, Gender, Policy and Educational Change. Shifting Agendas in the UK and Europe, Routledge Savage, G. 2011. When worlds collide: excellent and equitable learning communities? Australia’s ‘social capitalist’ paradox?, Journal of Education Policy, 26(1), 33-59 Rizvi, F. & Lingard.B. 2010 Globalising Education Policy. Routledge. Shapper, J., & Mayson, S. 2005 Managerialism, internationalization, taylorization and the deskilling of academic work: Evidence from an Australian university. In P. Ninnes & M. Hellstén (Eds.), Internationalizing higher education. Springer-Verlag. Shaw, K. 2004. Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education Journal of Higher Education 75(1): 56–79. Smith, DE 2005, Institutional Ethnography: A sociology for people AltaMira Press, Wittel, A 2001, Towards a network sociality Theory, Culture and Society 18(6), 51-76. Yeatman, A 1996. Interpreting Contractualism, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 31(1),39-55.
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