Educators’ Perceptions about School Community Relations in Turkey
Author(s):
Gokhan Kilicoglu (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2017
Format:
Paper

Session Information

14 SES 04 B, Professionals' Perceptions and Role in School-community Learning Projects

Paper Session

Time:
2017-08-23
09:00-10:30
Room:
K3.22
Chair:
Joana Lúcio

Contribution

Since education is a collaborative work based on community support, school community relations has become a significant topic for schools. As defined by Kowalski (2000), school community relations refers to “an evolving social science and leadership process that enhance the public’s attitude toward the value of education, augment interaction and two way symmetrical communication between schools and their ecosystems” (p. 11). A positive association between the school and the community is important to create a supportive environment for education. Also, school success is asserted to be associated with strong school community relations (Epstein, 2001; Morris, Chan & Patterson, 2009). As stated by Fan (2001) and Fan and Chen (2001), increased student achievement is related to more frequent parent teacher communication. Specifically, school community members including parents of students play a key role in enhancing collaborative school community relations and promote school success. Furthermore, the better parent-teacher communication is, the better student school attendance will be (Epstein & Sheldon, 2002). Meaningful and productive school-parent communication is tended to foster students’ academic performance and their socio-emotional skills (Antonopoulou, Koutrouba & Babalis, 2011; Hill & Taylor, 2004; Jeynes, 2005; Zhan, 2006). However, poor parental involvement in school activities leads to a major challenge to educating students in school (Voltz, 1998). Besides, parents with low socioeconomic background may be associated with low level of involvement in the education of their children (Brough & Irvin, 2001; Lawson, 2003).

 It is obvious that education is not a process restricted only at schools. Since students spend most of their time at schools and the rest with their parents, their success at school may be related with the characteristics of his family and their failure may seen due to their parents’ inadequate participation in education. Therefore, parents can be seen as the most indispensible parties for schools to enhance continuance cooperation. Besides, teachers and the school principals are in the forefront of enhancing a positive school community relation (Morris et al., 2009; Cunningham, 2002; Zhiding, Jiang, Xu & Chan). Thus, their perceptions about school parent relations may help to determine the problems in the participation of parents in education and the strategies they use to ensure school community relations. Furthermore, school community relations have recently become a significant topic that has gained importance in schools. However, studies carried out on this issue in Turkey are mostly theoretical and there is limited research examining the level of school community relations, problems of school community relations and strategies to improve these relations.

 In this context, the purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of educators on school community relations in Turkey.The following research questions were developed to guide the process of this study:

1. How do educators rank school community relationship problems among the top educational issues in their schools? 

2. How do educators perceive the status of school parent relationship?

3. How do educators perceive the contributions of parent-teacher associations?

4. What strategies do educators use to improve school community relationship?

 

Method

In this study, a concurrent embedded research design was utilized in order to determine the views of teachers, department heads and school principals about school-community relations. This mixed methodology approach provided an overall picture of educators’ perceptions about school community issues by soliciting detailed information through open-ended questions. It also allowed conduct a survey by collecting both the quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously during data collection phase (Tashakkori & Creswell, 2007). The population of the study consisted of 90 educators working at public primary, secondary and high schools within the boundaries of Eskisehir metropolitan area in Turkey. The participants were selected through clustered sampling strategy. Majority of them were teachers (n=62) and the rest of them are department heads (n= 15) and school principals (n=13). As a data gathering tool, the School-Community Relations Survey developed by the Morris, Chan and Patterson (2009) was used for the study. In addition to demographic information part, the survey also involved quantitative and qualitative parts that take participants’ perceptions through various open-ended and closed-ended questions. Descriptive statistics was calculated to reveal the quantitative data results in order to display means, percentages and frequencies. Besides, content analysis was utilized to deeply analyze the gathered qualitative data and to identify the emergent themes. In the process of content analysis, some major steps such as i) data coding, (ii) identifying themes, (iii) organizing the themes, and (iv) interpretation of the findings were followed (Corbin & Strauss, 2007).

Expected Outcomes

In this study, perceptions of educators on school community relations were investigated. How educators rank school community relationship problems in their schools was firstly examined in the study. The study results revealed that teachers and department heads do not perceive any problem area regarding school community relations, but school principals indicate that school parent relations is an important problem area in schools after economic problems. According to study findings, perceptions of teachers about school community relations were good (% 43.4) and fair (% 37.2). Department heads believed that school community relations were fair (% 67.4) in schools while school principals indicated it as poor (% 42.8). The reasons of this good perception were stated as because of tolerance between school and the society, permanent and positive communication (via sms and social media), regular home visits and meetings.The reasons of fair and poor relations were indicated as to be based on parents’ lack of interest about education of their children, escape from school activities and meetings, economic and communication problems, cultural differences, distrust between parents and the school staff. All educators believed that schools regularly arrange parent teacher associations and meetings which positively influence relations between the school and families. Specifically, educators indicated the contributions of school parent associations as parents’ exhibiting positive attitudes towards schools and increasing their cooperation by participating in school activities. All educators revealed that parent teacher relations contribute to students’ academic achievement, social and behavioral developments. Majority of the educators (f=42) expressed that trips, artistic, cultural and sportive activities are necessary to be planned as a strategy to improve school community relationship. Furthermore, second strategy was stated by the educators (f=19) as the establishment of a continuous communication based on trust and indulgence.

References

Antonopoulou, K., Koutrouba, K., & Babalis, T. (2011). Parental involvement in secondary education schools: the views of parents in Greece. Educational Studies, 37(3), 333-344. Brough, J. A., & Irvin, J. L. (2001). Parental involvement supports academic improvement among middle schoolers. Middle School Journal, 32(5), 56-60. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2007). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.), Thousand Oaks: Sage. Cunningham, C. (2002). Engaging the community to support student achievement. ERIC Digest, ERIC Clearinghouse on Education Management Eugene OR (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No: ED464395). Epstein, J. L. (2001). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools. Boulder, CO: Westview. Epstein, J. L., & Sheldon, S. B. (2002). Present and accounted for: Improving student attendance through family and community involvement. Journal of Educational Research, 95(5), 308-318. Fan, X. (2001). Parental involvement and students’ academic achievement: A growth modeling analysis. Journal of Experimental Education, 70(1), 27-61. Fan, X., & Chen, M. (2001). Parental involvement and students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1), 1-22. Hill, N. E., & Taylor, L. C. (2004). Parent–school involvement and children’s academic achievement: Pragmatics and issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 161-164. Jeynes, W. H. (2005). Effects of parental involvement and family structure on the academic achievement of adolescence. Marriage and Family Review, 37(3), 99-116. Kowalski, T. L. (2000). Public relations: A new agenda. In T. J. Kowalski (Ed.), Public relations in schools (2nd ed., pp.3-29). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill, Prentice-Hall. Lawson, M. A. (2003). School-family relations in context: Parent and teacher perceptions of parent involvement. Urban Education, 38(1), 77-133. Morris, R. C., Chan, T. C., & Patterson, J. (2009). Principal’s perceptions of school public relations. Journal of School Public Relations, 30(2), 166-185. Tashakkori, A., & Creswell, J. W. (2007). The new era of mixed methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1, 3-7. Voltz, D. L. (1998). Challenges and choices in urban education: The perceptions of teachers and principals. Urban Review, 30, 211-228. Zhan, M. (2006). Asserts, parental expectations and involvement, and children’s educational performance. Children and Youth Services Review, 28(8), 961-975. Zhiding, S., Jiang, B., Xu, M, & Chan, T. C. (2014). Educators’ perceptions of the significance of school-community relations in China. Journal of School-Public Relations, 35(4), 477-494.

Author Information

Gokhan Kilicoglu (presenting / submitting)
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey

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