Student conceptions about social justice education. A phenomenographic study.
Conference:
ECER 2017
Format:
Paper

Session Information

07 SES 02 B JS, Youth Perspectives on Social Justice and Globalization

Joint Paper Session with NW 05 and NW 07

Time:
2017-08-22
15:15-16:45
Room:
W3.17
Chair:
Lisa Rosen

Contribution

The society in which we live today is deeply unjust. Globalization, the crisis, the gap generated by social class, thus originates a society so unequal that it urges greater Social Justice.

The first source in which we have deepened is the three-dimensional concept of Social Justice. Our multidimensional proposal of Social Justice understands it from three interdependent elements (Fraser, 2008):

• Redistribution or Economic Justice, understood as equitable distribution of "primary goods". From a differential principle, goods are not distributed equally for all people, but for the benefit of those who, because of their conditions or situation, need it most, thus compensating for the inequalities generated by their socioeconomic situation, culture, race , capacity…

• Recognition or Cultural Justice, understood as the absence of cultural domination, non-recognition, disrespect or oppression of any person with the objective of respecting and valuing their different ways of being, doing and thinking.

• Participation and Representation or Political Justice, considered as the participation and representation of all the people in the society, that is to say, in all the organisms and means of the social life. This dimension is especially aimed at those groups of people who have traditionally been excluded and who have had little or no representation in society.

Complementing this idea, these injustices in turn have a structural character (organization and social hierarchy) and often cause situations of oppression. This oppression can take on the dimension of exploitation, marginalization, lack of power, cultural imperialism or violence.

A second source is the concept of Education for Social Justice, understood as one that is capable of transforming society through a school that is accessible to all, where students feel valued and participate and learn in contexts of diversity, avoiding Inequities and marginalization.  Education for Social Justice gives more to those who need it most, and adapting teaching learning to the reality of each student. The final purpose of socially just education is to train students who are agents of change, knowledgeable about and sensitive to injustices. Education for Social Justice is comprised of three elements:

• Equitable education, assumed as that which guarantees the access, permanence and learning of all students by organizing and adapting resources and means in such a way as to help those students who need it most. Likewise, equitable education avoids all forms of exclusion, segregation, discrimination on a path to inclusive education, which implies an appreciation and recognition of the differences and strengths of students.

• Democratic education, regarded as one that is for everyone and for all and is based on social freedom and equality in diversity that requires deliberative and decision-making processes where participation and cooperative work are essential.

• Critical education considers that it breaks with class relations, inequities and social and cultural submission of individuals. Education, from a critical perspective, has the power to transform and achieve the social emancipation of subjects. The purpose of critical pedagogy is to sensitize, denounce and transform the situations of reproduction, legitimation, domination and oppression generated by racial, class, gender or sexual orientation issues in the educational system and in society.

Method

The methodological approach used is Phenomenography. This methodology aims to deepen the conceptions of people about a certain phenomenon (Bowden and Walsh, 2000; Marton, 1986; Richardson, 1999), making it particularly suitable for our research. The result of the understanding of these conceptions seeks for different ways of conceiving and conceptualizing an experience. Conceptions are considered the basic unit of human knowledge, and if we understand the concepts we will be able to deepen the psyche of different people One of the most relevant aspects of the phenomenological approach is the selection of the participants, in such a way as to guarantee the greatest possible variation of the same conception. For this, it is necessary to determine the aspects that can condition the phenomenon to study and select the participants based on them. The participants in this research are 32 students selected through non-probabilistic sampling by quotas with three selection criteria: • Educational level. Fifteen students from primary education and 17 from compulsory secondary education were selected. • School Titular. 17 of the students study in public schools and 15 in schools private (religious or not) • Socio-economic context of the school. It has selected 14 students who attend schools located in favourable contexts and 18 in challenging contexts. The technique of data collection has been the phenomenological interview based on self-reporting (Trigwell, 2000). The interviews were based on a generative question: what does it mean Social Education for you? From the perspective of Marton (1996) the phenomenological interview is an interactive production where, "the experiences and conceptions are constructed jointly between the interviewer and the interviewee" (p.4427). To do this, it is essential that the interview has one or a few predetermined questions and that the researcher always keep in mind the purpose of the study Dortins 2002, Marton 1986). In this case, the researcher has deepened through the interviews of the students' conceptions about what social Justie Education and its implications are but being neutral and show shared interest with the study participants. Fieldwork was carried out between January and May 2015, with a competitive National Founding. For the analysis of the data, and according to the phenomenological method, a criterion of proximity to the discourse of the participants has been used. Once the interviews were made and transcribed, the students 'different conceptions were analysed, from which emerged certain categories and sub-categories of students' discourse.

Expected Outcomes

Outcomes and FIndings A) Education and integral development of students, they considerer the need and education with contents more sensitive to social injustices B) Teachers teach them in the classroom to make them aware of existing problems and injustices. They reflect the injustices that surround students and their families, helping them to understand why these situations exist, as well as what causes and what consequences they have. C) Participation of students in the learning process and make them the protagonists of their own learning process. Participants interviewed agree that they feel they are mere recipients of knowledge. D) To promote the autonomy of the students conceives as fundamental to prioritize those abilities that help them to learn and to grow of autonomous form and that they can apply them in their daily life. E) To teach to think and to be critical so that they can fight against the existent inequalities in the society is that this helps the students to think. Thus, it is essential to consider giving the students voice if we are to rethink the teaching to achieve more just society. • Students think that rethinking teaching and assessment towards more equitable, participatory and critical processes is critical to the achievement of more just society. • As the key elements of Social Justice teaching, the results found are consistent with those of other authors such as Carlisle, Jackson and Alison (2006), Bree Picower (2012) and most Michael Apple (2010). • They also emphasize the importance of what they are taught to be useful for their life and helps them develop in an integral way.

References

Adams, M. y Bell, L.A. (2007). Pedagogical framework for social justice education. En M. Adams, L.A. Bell y P. Griffin (Eds.), Teaching for diversity and social justice (pp. 15.34). Nueva York: Routledge. Applebaum, B. (2004). Social justice education, moral agency, and the subject of resistance. Educational Theory, 54(1), 59-72. Applebaum, B. (2005). In the name of morality: Moral responsibility, whiteness and social justice education. Journal of Moral Education, 34(3), 277-290. Carlisle, L., Jackson, B y Alison, G. (2006). Principles of Social Justice Education: The Social Justice Education in Schools Project. Equity & Excellence in Education, 39(1), 55-64. Cochran-Smith, M., Shakman, K., Jong, C., Terrell, D.G., Barnatt, J. y McQuillan, P. (2009). Good and just teaching: The case for social justice in teacher education. American Journal of Education, 115(3), 347-377. Enterline, S., Cochran-Smith, M., Ludlow, L.H. y Mitescu, E. (2008). Learning to teach for social justice: Measuring change in the beliefs of teacher candidates. The New Educator, 4(4), 267-290. Lupton, R. (2005). Social justice and school improvement: improving the quality of schooling in the poorest neighbourhoods. British Educational Research Journal, 31(5), 589-604. North, C.E. (2006). More than words? Delving into the substantive meaning (s) of “social justice” in education. Review of Educational Research, 76(4), 507-535. Petrou, A., Angelides, P. y Leigh, J. (2009). Beyond the difference: From the margins to inclusion. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 13(5), 439-448. Smyth, J. (2011). Critical pedagogy for Social Justice. Londres: Continuum.

Author Information

Reyes Hernández-Castilla (presenting / submitting)
Universidad Autónoma de Madri
Madrid
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain

Update Modus of this Database

The current conference programme can be browsed in the conference management system (conftool) and, closer to the conference, in the conference app.
This database will be updated with the conference data after ECER. 

Search the ECER Programme

  • Search for keywords and phrases in "Text Search"
  • Restrict in which part of the abstracts to search in "Where to search"
  • Search for authors and in the respective field.
  • For planning your conference attendance, please use the conference app, which will be issued some weeks before the conference and the conference agenda provided in conftool.
  • If you are a session chair, best look up your chairing duties in the conference system (Conftool) or the app.