First Year Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions Of Effective Teaching Across Four Disciplines: Towards A Case For Discipline-Specific Signature Pedagogies?
Conference:
ECER 2010
Format:
Paper

Session Information

22 SES 10 B, Teaching, Learning and Assesment in Higher Education

Paper Session

Time:
2010-08-27
10:30-12:00
Room:
M.B. SALI 15, Päärakennus / Main Building
Chair:
Jani Petri Ursin

Contribution

This article reports on a piece of research designed to explore first year undergraduate students’ perceptions of what constitutes effective teaching in a modern UK university. Whilst quality assurance processes have long taken into account students’ perceptions of the teaching they receive, their views have not been as influential in the UK or Europe as, for example, in the United States where, according to Shevlin et al (2000, p. 38) information from student evaluation of teaching “can be used for faculty decisions about conditions of employment such as salary and promotion”. Paradoxically, whilst a number of  fairly recent studies (Vielba & Hillier, 2000, Hillier & Vielba, 2001, Skelton, 2004) focus primarily on teachers’ perceptions of high quality university teaching, the dearth of research relating to higher education (HE) students’ perceptions of effective teaching in the UK and other European countries reported by Reid and Johnston (1999), still applies almost a decade later. Thus the presentation should be of particular interest to all conference participants involved in undergraduate teaching.

This study aims to (a) offer a framework  for conceptualising effective teaching in HE based on extant literature and  (b) contribute to an emerging body of knowledge relating to students perceptions of effective teaching. The empirical study addresses aim (b) and posits three interrelated questions:

1.      What do law, engineering and applied science students perceive to be effective teaching in their first year in HE?

2.      To what extent is there congruence  and dissonance between students studying different disciplines?

This case study was undertaken from a phenomenographic perspective (Marton, 1981; Marton & Booth 1997, Moustakas, 1994) to examine students’ perceptions of, and insights into, effective undergraduate teaching in the first year of their study.  We have undertaken  previous studies into the perceptions of education students but, conscious of the possibility of a subject-specific response, what Gurung et al (2008) call “signature pedagogies”, we have sought to broaden our case study to encompass three additional disciplines.

Method

The sample was thus drawn from students studying law, engineering and applied sciences. Data were gathered through five focus groups, with a total of 33 students participating, and a questionnaire which was completed by 90 students. The questionnaire invited respondents to consider 32 statements about effective teaching and used a five-point Likert scale which allowed respondents to express strong disagreement (1), disagreement (2), neutrality (3), agreement (4) or strong agreement (5) in response to each of the statements. The questionnaire had been previously piloted and used as a data collection instrument in three previous studies relating to education students (Allan et al, 2010, Allan et al 2009, Allan et al 2008). This paper draws on the findings in our previous work in order to undertake a critical comparison of the perceptions of education and non-education students of the characteristics of effective teachers.

Expected Outcomes

We summarise definitions of effectiveness gleaned from current literature into four domains: providing a supportive learning environment; having high expectations; scaffolding learning; and providing clear explanations. This provides a framework in which we locate critically our empirical data. Our findings indicate that students rate highest the following characteristics of effective university teachers: • demonstrate excellent knowledge of their subject; • ensure the relevance of information within sessions; • include group activities during sessions; • encourage discussion; • are prepared to explain; • start sessions on time; • are approachable; • are patient; • respect students’ opinions; • are enthusiastic about learning. • An analysis of the correlations between a range of characteristics across the dataset was undertaken and we report on those with a level of significance of p<.01. We also explore surprising outcomes associated with patience, approachability and recognising that students learn at different rates. In conclusion we relate our findings to the notion of discipline-specific signature pedagogies.

References

Allan, J.; Clarke, K.& Jopling, M. (2010) Effective Teaching in higher education: perceptions of first year education undergraduate students. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in HE (pending). Allan, J.; Clarke, K. & Jopling, M.(2009) Notions of effective teaching in higher education: a case study of education first year undergraduates’ perceptions. ECER, Vienna, Austria 25-26 September Allan, J..; Clarke, K. & Jopling, M. (2008) Notions of effective teaching: an exploration of students’ and lecturers’ perceptions of first year education undergraduates. Proceedings of the International Association for Scientific Knowledge, “Achieving Excellence and Quality in Education” Aveiro. Portugal, May pp. 442-449. Gurung, R.; Haynie, A.; & Chick, N. (eds) 2008. Signature pedagogies across the disciplines. Arlington, VA: Stylus Publishing Hillier, Y., & Vielba, C., (2001). Perceptions of Excellence: Personal Constructs of Excellence in Teaching and Learning. Institute of Learning and Teaching Annual Conference: University of York Marton, F. (1981). Phenomenography – describing conceptions of the world about us. Instructional Science, 10, 177-200. Marton, F., & Booth, S. (1997). Learning and Awareness. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum. Moustakas, C. (1994) Phenomenological Research Methods. London: Sage Reid, D., & Johnston, M.(1999). Improving Teaching in Higher Education: student and teacher perspectives. Educational Studies, 25(3), 269-281 Shevlin, M., P. Banyard, P., Davies, M.,& Griffiths, M. (2000). The Validity of Student Evaluation of Teaching in Higher Education: love me, love my lectures. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 25(4), 397-405. Skelton, A. (2004). Understanding 'teaching excellence' in higher education: a critical evaluation of the National Teaching Fellowships Scheme. Studies in Higher Education 29, 451-468. Vielba, C., & Hillier, Y. (2000). Defining excellence in teaching and learning in postgraduate professional programmes. Paper presented at British Academy of Management Conference, Edinburgh, September.

Author Information

University of Wolverhampton UK
CeDARE (Education)
Walsall
University of Wolverhampton UK, United Kingdom
University of Wolverhampton UK, United Kingdom

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