Learning styles in excellent and average university students
Conference:
ECER 2011
Format:
Poster

Session Information

22 SES 9.5 PE/PS, Poster Exhibition / Poster Session

Time:
2011-09-15
12:00-13:30
Room:
Seminarzentrum - Posters
Chair:

Contribution

 

The results herein enclosed are based in a three-year research[1]. We try to analyze, among other aspects, what the students, what the students with the best grades to access to University do which can explain which can explain its academic achievement, in order to concrete effective operational models that can be generalized and taught, as far as possible. In order to do it we are analyzing the way of learning of several groups of 1st year students with the best grades when accessing at University. Students are from different degrees and belong to the Polytechnic University of Valencia. Their results will be compared to other students’ results with average grades of the same degrees. In order to obtain it, we are assessing their learning strategies, their learning approaches, their styles, their attitudes towards learning and other relevant variables (self-concept, IQ, the perception of their teachers and their classes, the integration at the university, the assessment of their professors, etc). In this research, started in 2010, we will do a monitoring of their progress for their first two years of permanence at University, by taking several measures to collect data throughout the whole period of research.

 The aim of this study is to know if there are differences in learning styles between the two groups of students (excellent and average), as well as the structure of these two groups. We also want to state the influence of learning styles on academic achievement.  In order to obtain it, we will use the first data collected.

 Learning styles are habitual ways of processing information (Hernández Pina, 1993). They are predispositions, relatively general and constant, responding to a subject’s trend. They derives from the willingness of an individual to adopt the same strategy in different situations, regardless of the specific demands of the task (Schmeck, 1983). In this issue we have the works of Honey and Mumford (1986), which distinguish between "active", "reflexive", "theoretical " and "pragmatic" style; Pask (1976), which distinguishes between "holistic" and "serial" style; and Kolb (1976), among others, which distinguishes between "disturbance " and "assimilating", "converging" and "divergent" style.

 The relationship between learning styles and academic performance is not analyzed by many studies. Camarero, Martin and Herrero (2000) reflect a greater use of active style in students with lower performance, in a sample of 447 college students from the University of Oviedo, but the results are not conclusive. The study of Contessa, Ciardiello and Perlman (2005), which uses Kolb's questionnaire (LSI), reflects a relationship between learning style and academic achievement, greater in students with convergent style. However, we do not have data on the subject in scientific Literature contextualised in excellent and average students, reason why we think that we can make a significant contribution.


[1] It is the "Longitudinal approach: an analysis of the influential factors that enabled some University students to achieve excellent grades. Design of an intervention’s model" research, approved by the Spanish Education and Science’ Ministry  into the National Basic Research Program, 2009 (2010-2012) (Financing Plan E, PGE), directed by Professor Ph.D. Bernardo Gargallo (code EDU2009/08518).

 

 

Method

We used a quasi-experimental design of non-equivalent control group, complemented with a methodology of exploratory, descriptive and correlational type. The sample was integrated by 281 students, 148 excellent and 133 average. We selected 11 groups of students pertaining to 11 degrees of 9 centers of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, (first and second cycle). The sampling method has been intentional, The projected minimum sample was of 10 excellent students and 10 average students per each group, giving a total of 220 students. Nevertheless we selected a sample of nearly 300 subjects, preventing the loss of participants. Of each degree were selected like “excellent” students those who had obtained the highest grades in the Test to Access to the University and like “average” those who had grades around the median of each degree, above and below this score. The instrument used for collecting data is the CHAEA (Honey-Alonso Questionnaire Learning Styles) questionnaire (Alonso, Gallego and Honey, 1995). This questionnaire provides information on four learning styles: active, reflective, theoretical and pragmatic. It consists of 80 items and the reliability of the entire questionnaire is 0.68 (Cronbach's alpha coefficient). The statistical analysis used were descriptive, Mann-Whitney U test, categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) and multiple regression analysis.

Expected Outcomes

The univariate results indicate that excellent students obtain a higher score in reflective and theoretical styles, while the average students do in active and pragmatic style. We found significant statistical differences between the two groups only in the reflective style, although the scores of active style are very close to the level of decision (0.07). Using a CATPCA analysis, we have found a two-dimensional structure, which reflectes the opposition between the active style and the reflective style. The results show that the excellent students are mainly characterized by a style reflective, and secondarily by a theoretical style. The average students are characterized by a style essentially active, and also pragmatic. We made a multiple linear regression analysis, selecting as predictors variables the mean scores of the four styles and as criteria variable the grades of the Test to Access to University. The model is significant (F (4, 264) = 4.42, p =, 002), although the variance explained is low, 4.9% (R2 adjusted). Therefore, when access to university studies, the average students are characterized by an active learning style, compared to excellent students who are characterized by a reflective learning style. This is the first phase of follow-up research. It will be very important to analyse how they behave in this aspect throughout its development within the university.

References

Alonso, C., Gallego, D. & Honey, P. (1995). Los estilos de aprendizaje. Procedimientos de diagnóstico y mejora. Bilbao: Ediciones Mensajero. Camarero, F., Martín, F. y Herrero, J. (2000): Estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. Psicothema, 12 (4), 615-622. Contessa J, Ciardiello KA, Perlman S. (2005). Surgery resident learning styles and academic achievement, Current Surgery, 62(3):344-47 Hernández Pina, F. (1993): Concepciones en el estudio del aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 22, 117-150. Honey, P. y Mumford, A. (1986): The Manual of Learning Styles. Maidenhead, Berkshire: P. Honey, Ardingly House. Kolb, D. (1976): The Learning Style Inventory: Technical Manual. Boston: McBer and Company. Pask, G. (1976): Styles and strategies of learning. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 46, 128-148.

Author Information

Bernardo Gargallo López (presenting / submitting)
University of Valencia
Educational Theory
Valencia
Bernardo Gargallo López (presenting / submitting)
University of Valencia, Spain
University of Valencia
Research Methods And Diagnosis In Education Departament
Valencia
University of Valencia, Spain
University of Valencia, Spain

Update Modus of this Database

The current conference programme can be browsed in the conference management system (conftool) and, closer to the conference, in the conference app.
This database will be updated with the conference data after ECER. 

Search the ECER Programme

  • Search for keywords and phrases in "Text Search"
  • Restrict in which part of the abstracts to search in "Where to search"
  • Search for authors and in the respective field.
  • For planning your conference attendance, please use the conference app, which will be issued some weeks before the conference and the conference agenda provided in conftool.
  • If you are a session chair, best look up your chairing duties in the conference system (Conftool) or the app.