Induction Seminars for Newly Qualified Teachers: The Case of Estonia
Author(s):
Liina Lepp (presenting / submitting) Elina Reva
Conference:
ECER 2012
Format:
Poster

Session Information

ERG SES B 04, Interactive Poster Session

Parallel Poster Session

Time:
2012-09-17
11:00-12:30
Room:
FCEE - Aula 2.4
Chair:
Joana da Silveira Duarte
Discussant:
Patrícia Fidalgo

Contribution

The job of a teacher requires professionalism and, in the case of an inexperienced teacher, a lot of effort. Researchers have shown that the first working years are of crucial importance to a newly qualified teacher (NQT) in terms of further personal development as the first school and teaching experience either encourages or discourages the advance of their careers as teachers (Ginns, Heirdsfield, Atweh, & Watters, 2001). Therefore, the different ways to support newly qualified teachers have been a relevant topic for discussion of the international education policy.

The importance of induction of NQTs within the continuum of continuing professional development for all teachers is widely documented and generally includes three main arguments: extension of knowledge and skills to the practical arena through continuous learning while teaching, professional socialisation, and commitment to whole-school improvement and the profession (e.g., Killeavy, 2006; Eisenschmidt, 2006). Previous researches (e.g., Britton, Paine, Pimm, & Raizen, 2003) emphasise the importance of supporting newly qualified teachers and providing effective teacher induction to national agendas. Several countries (e.g., Estonia, Britain, Germany, Norway, Finland, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, etc.) have implemented support activities between the initial training of teachers and their further professional development through the formal and non-formal induction programmes.

Previous researches have evaluated the induction procedures (e.g., Jones, 2002; Ball & Cohen, 1999); the aspect of co-mentoring (e.g., Barrera, Braley, & Slate, 2010; Ingersoll & Strong, 2011) and the newly qualified teacher’s collective adaptation (e.g., Harrison, Lawson, & Wortley, 2005) have been extensively studied. However, less attention has been paid to the support and its content offered outside the school staff during the course of the induction year (e.g., university collaboration).

Since 2004, Estonia has been implementing the induction year system in order to support professional development of NQTs. In addition to mentoring at school as a part of the induction year, NQTs are able to participate in induction seminars at university, which reflect on the experience of the first working year(s) and include analysing the most problematic issues as well as solving them.

The authors consider it very important to widely introduce the experience of teachers participating in induction seminars, their organisation, and content. The aim of this study was to analyze the actual content of induction seminars as well as the meaning and value of induction seminars for NQTs.

Method

Social constructivist worldview is the theoretical starting point of the qualitative research. 13 teachers in their induction year at universities participated in the researches carried out in the years 2010 and 2011. NQTs were between 23 and 43 years of age and had teaching experience ranging from 1 to 26 months. The data were collected using audio taped participant observation of the full set of the seminars. Audiotapes were transcribed, the data generated from the NQT seminars were initially subjected to inductive thematic analysis (Ryan & Bernard, 2003) using the ATLAS.ti software. As a result of the analysis and the issues arising from the literary sources, we have listed three higher-order themes: professional knowledge and skills dimension, personal dimension, and social dimension. Higher-order themes were supported by lower-order themes, for example, the professional knowledge and skills dimension outlined planning and management, analysis and evaluation of the student’s development as well as creation of the teaching-learning environment and motivation. In order to increase the reliability of the research data and interpretation, it was important to systematically share with the fellow researcher in terms of interpretation procedures and methods as well as self-reflection during the course of the research (Flick, 1992).

Expected Outcomes

Preliminary results show consistency with the Adult Learning and Experiential Learning Theories that form the theoretical framework of the Estonian induction programme. Induction seminars support NQTs professional learning in the: 1) professional knowledge and skills, 2) social, and 3) personal dimensions. The primary value of the seminars for newly qualified teachers was the opportunity for deep and systematic self-analysis and the possibility of linking theory and practice in an evaluation-free and supportive environment. It is important that experiences gained from induction seminars are documented and final results are used to inform pre-service and in-service teacher educators and policy makers.

References

Ball, D., & Cohen, D. (1999). Developing practice, developing practitioners: Toward a practice-based theory of professional education. In G. Sykes & L. Darling-Hammond (Eds.), Teaching as the learning profession: Handbook of policy and practice (pp. 3–32). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Barrera, A., Braley, R., & Slate, J. R. (2010). Beginning teacher success: an investigation into the feedback from mentors of formal mentoring programs. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 18(1), 61-74. Britton, E., Paine, L., Pimm, D., & Raizen, S. (2003). Comprehensive Teacher Induction: Systems for Early Career Learning. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Eisenschmidt, E. (2006). Implementation of Induction Year for Novice Teachers in Estonia. Doktoritöö. Tallinn: Tallinna Ülikooli Kirjastus. Flick, U. (1992). Triangulation Revisited: Strategy of Validation or Alternative? Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 22(2), 175-197. Ginns, I., Heirdsfield, A., Atweh, B., & Watters, J. J. (2001). Beginning teachers becomingprofessionals through action research. Educational Action Research, 9(1), 111-133. Harrison, J., Lawson, T., & Wortley, A. (2005). Action Research and the Professional Development of Induction Tutors: some unforeseen impacts and pitfalls. What Do We Learn? Journal of In-Service Education, 31(1), 83-104. Ingersoll, R. M., & Strong, M. (2011). The Impact of Induction and Mentoring Programs for Beginning Teachers: A Critical Review of the Research. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 201-233. Jones, M. (2002). Qualified to Become Good Teachers: a case study of ten newly qualified teachers during their year of induction. Journal of In-Service Education, 28(3), 509-526. Killeavy, M. (2006). Induction: A Collective Endeavor of Learning, Teaching, and Leading. Theory Into Practice, 45(2), 168-176. Ryan, G. W., & Bernard, H. R. (2003). Techniques to Identify Themes. Field Methods, 15(1), 85-109. Vonk, J. H. C. (1983). Problems of the Beginning Teacher. European Journal of Teacher Education, 6(2), 133-150.

Author Information

Liina Lepp (presenting / submitting)
University of Tartu, Estonia
Tallinn University, Estonia

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