Student houses as lens: patterns of the evolution of democratic culture among Hungarian students
Author(s):
Gyöngyvér Pataki (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2012
Format:
Paper

Session Information

ERG SES H 12, Student behaviour

Parallel Paper Session

Time:
2012-09-18
13:15-14:45
Room:
FCEE - Aula 4.4
Chair:
Des Hewitt

Contribution

Several recent studies on youth culture have demonstrated the political radicalization of young adults. It is also known in the light of previous researches that young adults are neither motivated to identify themselves with communities nor readily participate in them. Apart from small groups of radical actors, Hungarian young adults are lost between the plurality of social life-worlds and the political subsystems with one of the lowest participation rate in Europe.  To see more clearly in respect of democratic processes in youth culture the the Campus-life project at the University of  Debrecenhttp://campuslet.unideb.hu) and the Connected Communities research project at the University of Birmingham http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/education/connecting-communities/index.aspx aim to explain how the changing forms and spaces of connectivity and privacy contribute to civic and professional education. Within this framework the research seeks to answer the question what implications the private/public “boundary setting” practices carry for the forms of civil engagement and self-governance. While many rely on macro perspectives in their account of how institutions impacts political behaviour and connectivity in a community, social scientists have rarely looked at the way how the seemingly irrelevant micro processes of the evolution of democratic culture leads to significant outcomes among young adults in Hungary. To reach this aim the research clarifies how different cultural elements (stories, styles, identities etc.) determine, fixate and change connectivity within and between communities and in this way facilitates or hinder collective action. In order to address this question stereotype stories, rumours, anecdotes and slangs are gathered through 150 mini focus group interviews carried among roommates of two student houses at the University of Debrecen.

The alteration of private and public is in lockstep since one discursively constructs the other. In that case without the careful consideration of the newly prominent private it is impossible to understand the shape and the formation of public realm within student communities. The management of educational institutions also begins to reflect to contemporary private as response to “public failures”. Privacy from educational perspective is considered to be a training ground where social relations forged, reproduced and changed.

Student houses were chosen as the field of our research on three preliminary considerations; their community initiatives, their intention to be a “hotel” or “home” and their notion on the satisfactory level of surveillance. Institutions operating like hotel with strong market principals make it possible to buy privacy as the right of exclusion. Therefore these institutions offer an opportunity to describe the practices of exclusive secrecy, the virtue of immunity from interference or taboo creation, which deprives others from access or participation. The dynamics and formation of public/private distinction under ever- present surveillance technology can also be detected. Whereas other institutions with strong community initiatives try to upkeep the collective activities, and enhance enough solidarity to protect the collective goods within roommates in their “home”. In such context the key issue for discourse and sophisticated theorizing is the separation and the transitory forms between “hotel” and “home” with the possible consequences of the surveillance technology implemented in these institutions. 

Method

In order to explore the nature of evolution of democratic patterns among Hungarian students, I proposed an ethnographic study with the combination of two different methods: 1.) participant observation; 2.) 150 mini focus groups conducted among roommates of two student houses at the University of Debrecen in network analysis framework. To detect spatial boundary setting practices we used photos and cognitive mapping as “story triggers” to evoke experiences, interpretation and construction of the private/public distinction. In order to establish in detail the role of private/public boundary setting in space construction students were asked to introduce sketch and narrate the places in the student house. I also took photos in private rooms after the interviews to identify objects indicating the way how students possess and construct space around them. The selection of the rooms provided the means to analyse institutional effects and the expansion or fixation of cultural practices. In a randomly selected first room students were asked to identify their mates, whom they share their free time, private sphere and public notions with. The next room was selected in accordance with the strongest ties and in this way I determined three separated networks in each institution.

Expected Outcomes

The finding of this research gives empirical evidences on how the increasing relevance of home and its transformation to hotel facilitates or hinders civil engagement. The results also show the way how the gradually implemented surveillance spaces reconstruct or mobilize the private or public character of social space. The important finding from our analysis is that the gradual implementation of surveillance technologies intensifies the “rise of privacy” and the prominent relevance of the “home” with its rich information and technical capacities, especially in a region where the rate of strong reciprocal familiar attachment is traditiionally high. It also strengthens the abstract and untouchable perception of the public realm, which further implicates low civil engagement in determining the students’ own living conditions. On the other hand, new forms of virtual and non-virtual semi-public spaces offer opportunities for collective actions. The findings of this research will improve upon existing theories in two areas: 1) students wellbeing and social integration; 2)Political socialization. Ultimately the research findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal articles and policy reports (OFI). The project will outline various strategies that appear to strengthen democratic processes in student houses taking into account the different forms of connectedness in student communities.

References

Bauman, Z. (2000): Luiquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Weintraub J., Kumar K. (1997) Public and Private in Thought and Practice. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Borgatti, S.P., Mehra, A., Brass, D. and Labianca, G. (2009). “Network Analysis in the Social Sciences.” Science. Vol. 323. no. 5916, Feb 13, pp. 892 - 895 Certeau, M. (1984): The Practice of Everyday life. Berkley: University of California Press. Douglas M. (1991): “The Idea of a Home: A Kind of Space.” Social Research 58, no.1:287-307p. Harrison C. W.(1992): Identity and Control. Oxford: Princeton University Press. Jurczyk, Karin; Oechsle, Mechtild (2008): Privatheit: Interdisziplinarität und Grenzverschiebungen. Eine Einführung. In: Dies. (Hg.): Das Private neu denken. Erosionen, Ambivalenzen, Leistungen. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot, S. 8-47. Geuss, Raymond (2002): Privatheit. Eine Genealogie. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Löw, M.(2001): Raumsoziologie Frankfurt am Main : Suhrkamp Verlag. Labov, W – Linde, Ch. (1975): Spatial Networks as a Site for the Study of Language and Thought. Language, 51, 924-939. Lefebvre, H. (1991): The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell,1991 Lynch,Kevin(1960): The image of the city. Cambridge (Mass): MIT Press. McGrath J. E. (2004): Loving Big Brother: Performance,Privacy and Surveillance Space. London/New York: Routledge. Putnam, R. (2000): Bowling Alone: the Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster. Schroer, M. (Hg.) (2005): Räume, Orte, Grenzen: Auf dem Weg zu einer Soziologie des Raums. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag. Szabó, I. (2009): Nemzet és szocializáció. Budapest: L’Harmattan. Toffler A. (1981): The Third Wave. New York: Bantam. Utasi, Á (2008): Vitalizing relationships : the effects of the soical network on the subjective quality of life.Budapest: Újmandátum. Zaretsky, E.(1996): Capitalism, the Family and Personal Life. New York: Harper Row. Wouters C. (2007): Informalization: Manners and Emotions Since 1890. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi and Singapore: Sage.

Author Information

Gyöngyvér Pataki (presenting / submitting)
University of Debrecen
Educational Sciences
Bocskaikert

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