Educational Standards And The Question Of What We Stand For: A Socio-Technical Cartography Of Evaluation By Comparison In Teacher Education
Author(s):
Carlijne Ceulemans (presenting / submitting) Mathias Decuypere
Conference:
ECER 2012
Format:
Paper

Session Information

28 SES 08, Spaces, Socio-Technical Assemblages and Learning

Parallel Paper Session

Time:
2012-09-20
09:00-10:30
Room:
ESI 2 - Aula m
Chair:
Paolo Landri
Discussant:
Paolo Landri

Contribution

Our research investigates the mechanisms set in motion by the widespread use of standards in education through the detailed registration of the relations and activities these standards install in educational practices. Building on a socio-technical approach, our analyses consist in cartographic ethnographies mapping the way techniques, instruments and procedures form ‘apparatuses’ or ‘strategic assemblages’ (Foucault, 1977) which function as a kind of self-regulating order in both process and effect of (non-)human conduct (Latour, 2005; Simons & Olsen, 2010). The cartography presented in this contribution is a follow-up study on the specific assemblage installed by the teacher’s professional profile in the practice of (self-)evaluation in-the-making in teacher education in Flanders, Belgium. It builds on a detailed registration of the quality inspection and assurance process which is currently taking shape in all specific teacher programmes. Earlier research focused on the preparation for the quality inspection within the institutions through the editing of a self-evaluation report (Ceulemans, Struyf & Simons, forthcoming). In this contribution, we study the following phases of the quality assurance process, that is, the ‘external quality control’ by an ‘inspection commission’. More specific, we portray cartographic ethnographies 1) of the coming of an inspection commission in one teacher education programme; 2) of the interim report edited by the inspection commission at the end of their round, addressing the different teacher programmes they visited; and 3) of what occurs within the teacher education programme between these two moments in time. In this process, it was noted that comparison between and positioning oneself towards other programmes were characteristic type of relations with a strong self-regulating effect. Standards and comparison seem to be two sides of the same coin. To compare, one needs a mutual accepted standard, and with a shared standard at hand, it becomes necessary to position and situate oneself toward others. This leads us to the question if educational standards bring about activities concerning what we stand for and/or rather install mechanisms based on an interest in where to stand in order to stand out?

Method

The socio-technical approach adopted in this research, inspired by actor-network theory (ANT) and science and technology studies (STS), highlights the vital role materialities play in the assemblage of our daily educational (academic, pedagogical) practices and hence, the importance of empirical research accounting for this role. Adapting such methodology, implies refraining from an explanatory or evaluative posture in such a way as to create empirical sensitivity to how agents (human and nonhuman the like) are performed into practice. As in ethnography, the research activities consist of direct observation and registration of the heterogeneous elements assembled in local practices, such as the coming of a commission for quality control and the notification of an assessment report. The applied technique or mode of inquiry, then, is the mapping of patterns of relations in emerging socio-technical assemblages by recording the interplay between these specific (material or textual) objects, instruments, procedures and the human actors involved. Therefore, the methodology presented in this contribution is procedural and restrictive, forcing to stay close to the level of the (emerging) practice itself and allowing the descriptions of these practicalities to account for what is going on (Sørensen, 2007).

Expected Outcomes

The expected outcomes are twofold. First, our contribution aims to question the current attractiveness of professional standards in education and their appearance as seemingly self-evident, ‘factual’ matter. By obtaining multidimensional images of evaluation in-the-making, it offers empirical evidence on what happens when these standards enter the scene. Consequently, what is resulting through the mapping of educational practices, is a cartography of an emerging present. Cartographic practices (like mapping or writing) have nothing to do with representing, reducing, interpreting nor making the world signify; instead they have to do with surveying, gathering and performing the world (Deleuze & Guattari, 2004). It admonishes the researcher to adopt an experimental stance, not as one who aims to know but as one who searches to reassemble the world (Latour, 2005). As such, the cartography of present practices seeks “not so much (…) to destabilize the present by pointing to its contingency, but to destabilize the future by recognizing its openness” (Rose, 2007: 5). Maybe we could say that this contribution is an attempt to present (teacher) education as well as educational research as an opening, a space, for one to think about what he or she stands for.

References

Ceulemans, C., Simons, M., & Struyf, E. (In Press). Professional standards for teachers: How do they ‘work’? An experiment in tracing standardisation in-the-making in teacher education. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, ‘Materialities, Textures and Pedagogies: Socio-Material Assemblages in Education' (Special Issue). Deleuze, G. & Guattari, F. (2004). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia (B. Massumi, Trans.). London: Continuum. Foucault, M. (1977). Pouvoirs et strategies. In D. Defert, F. Edwald & J. Lagrange (Eds.), Dits et écrits III 1976-1979 (pp. 418-428). Paris: Gallimard. Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social. An introduction to Actor-NetworkTheory. Oxford: University Press. Rose, N. (2007). The politics of life itself. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Sørensen, E. (2007). STS goes to school: Spatial imaginaries of technology, knowledge and presence. Critical Social Studies, 2, 15-27. Simons, M., & Olsen, M. (2010). The school and the learning apparatus. In D. Osberg & G. Biesta (Eds.), Complexity theory and the politics of education (pp.79-91). Rotterdam/Boston/Taipei: Sense Publishers.

Author Information

Carlijne Ceulemans (presenting / submitting)
Univeristy of Antwerp
Institute for Information and Education Sciences
Antwerp
Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium

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