Session Information
Contribution
Researchers agree that an effective way to promote a positive attitude towards PE and physical activity is intrinsic motivation (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Papaioannou, Bebetsos, Theodorakis, Christodoulidis, & Kouli, 2006) which based on taking pleasure in an activity, excitement of doing so, effort and persistence during learning (Niemiec & Ryan, 2009). Researchers found that approaches in which students are at the heart of learning process could enhance enjoyment and intrinsic motivation. Teaching games for understanding (TGfU) is an approach to games teaching where participants are learning by focusing on the spirit of the game. This tactical model is modified games (small sided, equipment, etc) which provide opportunities for the students to develop greater understanding of the game by playing. Seventy-one students aged 11-12 years old children participated in the study. Students were divided into two groups: i) the experimental group consisted of 29 students (13 boys and 16 girls) and ii) the control group of 42 students (19 boys and 23 girls). Teachers in the intervention classes applied the game-based approach (TGfU) and in the control group applied the skill-focused approach to teaching basketball. Motivation and lesson satisfaction were assessed pre and post-intervention using questionnaires. Repeated measures analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences on intrinsic motivation and lesson satisfaction where the experimental group had higher scores than the control one. The results imply that a game-based approach is a great way to improve intrinsic motivation and enjoyment in elementary school.
Method
Expected Outcomes
References
Deci, E. L & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being, American Psychologist 55(1), 68–78. Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 1-10. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.290 Griffin, L., Oslin, J. & Mitchell, S. (1995). An analysis of two instructional approaches to teaching net games. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66 (Suppl.), pp. 65-66. Guay, F., Vallerand, R. J., & Blanchard, C. M. (2000). On the assessment of situational intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS). Motivation and Emotion, 24, 175-213. Niemiec, C. P., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom: Applying self-determination theory to educational practice. Theory and Research in Education, 7, 133-144 Papaioannou, A., Bebetsos, E., Theodorakis, Y., Christodoulidis, T. & Kouli, O. (2006). Causal Relationships of Sport and Exercise Involvement with Goal Orientations,Perceived Competence and Intrinsic Motivation in Physical Education: A Longitudinal Study, Journal of Sports Sciences 24(4), 367–82. Papaioannou, A., Milosis, D., Kosmidou, E., & Tsigilis, N. (2002). Multidimentional structure of goal orientations: the importance of adopting a personal developmental goal in physical education. Psichologia, 9, 494-513.
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