Wordless Fictional Picture Book Stories as a Means of Enhancing Immigrant Primary School Children’s Literacy-Acquisition
Author(s):
Petra Wieler (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

05 SES 13, Urban Children and Youth at Risk & Urban Education

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-13
11:00-12:30
Room:
D-313
Chair:
Roberta Ricucci

Contribution

Recent empirical studies underline the importance of early literacy experiences for literary development and hence educational success of (pre-) primary school children. In this regard, storytelling activities are particularly recommended for immigrant children. This recommendation illustrates the overwhelming didactic demand to facilitate bridging the gap between medial spoken language and conceptually written language for all of the children. Concepts and suggestions from various disciplines which stimulate ‘pretend reading’-situations with five-year-olds (Purcell-Gates 2001) or try to encourage pre-school children to dictate stories to an adult (Merklinger 2011) represent these efforts to attract children’s attention on the fundamental differences between spoken and written language at an early age already.

Moreover, empirical studies on narrative interaction document ‘genre-specific’ processes of narrative learning, resulting from the different oral support, which young children receive when presenting a past event or when telling a fantasy story. These processes will even influence the childrens’ genre-specific storytelling abilities in written language at primary school up to grade four (Becker 2005; Ohlhus 2005; Augst et al. 2007). Last, the current didactic discussion about children’s acquisition of ‘academic language’, the key to a successful school career, is predominantly focusing on the crucial overlapping of medial spoken and conceptually written language (Dehn 2010; Wieler 2011). 

In general, the positive impact of children’s literature on children’s storytelling abilities is undisputed within the German didactic discussion. In a similar way the positive influence of aesthetically highly ranged pictures is being agreed on. In contrast, much more doubts exist about an equally creative influence of images in the media, especially movies. On the one hand, it is argued against commercializing classic children’s literature by turning it into TV-series which fulfill nothing but expectations according to the ‘standard’, without any surprise or astonishment (Erlinger 2001). On the other hand, it is emphasized that working with visualized media-heroes alleviates the demanding process of writing on a cognitive (content) level, especially for very young writers (Weinhold 2005). This latter position draws attention to children living in families, where modern media dominate daily life to a much higher extend than written texts. Pointing in a similar direction, positions from didactics of visual literacy underline the stimulating potential of picture books; neglecting the usage of such books risks giving away essential educational opportunities, especially for children, who have difficulties acquiring reading-skills (Lieber/ Schnell 2008) and, as I would like to add, who have also difficulties in the acquisition of German as their second language.

Within this framework the presented study tackles the task of enhancing immigrant children's literacy acquisition in their second language (German) by employing a multilingual and multi-media based selection of aesthetically appealing children's picture books in the German classroom. Furthermore the children are encouraged to take these (bilingual) books and other media to their homes and to use them with their families. In this contribution only one aspect of this approach will be focused on.

Method

The data for the presented longitudinal study have been collected in age-mixed learning groups in the German classroom (grades one to three) in a primary school, located in an socially under-privileged district of Berlin. Also interviews with eight participating children and their parents have been conducted and scenes of interaction have been audio-recorded at the childrens‘ homes. Based at the intersection of different disciplines - second language acquisition and narrative research, psychological reception research and developmental psychology, didactics of language, writing and literature - the project links the pragmatic analysis of situations of conversation, reading and narration at school and in the family with the evaluation of students’ texts. The observations, presented in this contribution, are based on the triangulation of different types of documents and their analysis: transcripts of interactive situations of picture book reading and following communications in the classroom and pupil’s texts about individually chosen sequences from the picture book story.

Expected Outcomes

According to the presently dominant didactic challenge of amplifying all of the children’s early encounters with conceptually written language an offer of wordless fictional picture book stories in the classroom does not appear to be self-evident. Nevertheless, the presented observations from a German classroom reinforce the underlying hypothesis of this study, that pupils do not only register the psychologically complex characterization of fictional heroes and the subtle narrative composition of a fictional storybook, told just by pictures, but that they also try to articulate their personal appreciation of this through writing their own stories about the book. In order to unfold this potential it is highly significant to cautiously plan successive situations of talking and writing about a piece of children’s literature, including corresponding special tasks. It will be demonstrated how ‘reading’ these books stimulates children to activate hidden resources in their second language, using conceptually written language in ‘a zone of proximal development’. How immigrant children in particular can be encouraged to develop their own stories will be illustrated in this contribution with excerpts of communication in the classroom and with the pupil’s written stories about the picture book ‘The Red Umbrella’ by Ingrid and Dieter Schubert.

References

Augst, G. et al. (2007): Text-Sorten-Kompetenz. Eine Longitudinalstudie zur Entwicklung der Textkompetenz im Grundschulalter. Frankfurt: Lang. Becker, T. (2005): The role of narrative interaction in narrative development. In: Quasthoff, U. M. / Becker, T. (Eds.): Narrative Interaction. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 93- 111. Dehn, M. (2010): Elementare Schriftkultur und Bildungssprache. In: Fürstenau, S. / M. Gomolla (Eds.): Migration und schulischer Wandel: Mehrsprachigkeit. Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwis¬senschaften, 129-151. Erlinger, H. D. (2001): Die Helden der Kinder in ihren Medien. In: Richter, K. / T. Trautmann (Eds.), Kindsein in der Mediengesellschaft. Interdisziplinäre Annäherungen. Weinheim / Basel: Beltz, 49-59. Lieber, G./ S. Schnell (2008): Vision Bilderbuch-Portal – Ein Beitrag zur Demokratisierung von Bildung. In: Lieber, G. (Eds.): Lehren und Lernen mit Bildern. Ein Handbuch zur Bilddidaktik. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, 103- 113. Merklinger, D. (2011): Frühe Zugänge zu Schriftlichkeit. Eine explorative Studie zum Diktieren. Freiburg im Breisgau: Fillibach. Ohlhus, S. / U. M. Quasthoff (2005): Genredifferenzen beim mündlichen und schriftlichen Er-zählen im Grundschulalter. In: Wieler, P. (Ed.): Narratives Lernen in medialen und anderen Kontexten. Freiburg im Breisgau: Fillibach, 49-68. Purcell-Gates, V. (2001): Emergent Literacy Is Emerging Knowledge of Written Language Not Oral. In: Britto, P. R. / J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.): Young Children’s Emerging Literacy Skills in the Context of Family Literacy Environments. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Buss Inc. Weinhold, S. (2005): Narrative Strukturen als „Sprungbrett“ in die Schriftlichkeit. In: Wieler, P. (Ed.): Narratives Lernen in medialen und anderen Kontexten. Freiburg im Breisgau: Fillibach, 69-84. Wieler, P. (2011): „Denn sie erkannten nicht die Gefahr“ – bildungssprachliche Aspekte in Gesprächen und Texten von Kindern im Deutschunterricht der Grundschule und darüber hinaus. In: Hüttis-Graff, P. / P. Wieler (Eds.): Übergänge zwischen Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit im Vor- und Grundschulalter. Freiburg im Breisgau: Fillibach, 123-149.

Author Information

Petra Wieler (presenting / submitting)
Freie Universität Berlin
Berlin

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