The present study will focus on the social representations of schoolteachers within the primary educational system, through a study of opinions, attitudes and self-sentiment with information obtained from the primary schoolteachers themselves, however always taking into consideration the factors which seem to determinedly influence the educational trend in the countries which we will examine. The multifaceted and multifunctional role of the teachers, defined as a main active institution in the teaching process, is the par excellence object which will be an active part of research, but will also become subject to discussion which has already developed within the past few years. Up until now, schoolteachers, who are solely responsible for transmitting knowledge, were mainly seen as part of the moderator structure, from which the learning process passes through this and ends up there. Is the role of the teacher really so minor and limited? Would there be anything achieved if their contribution to the learning process in the traditionally called "school teachers' role", was limited to simply denoting their role in the classroom, as a transmitter of knowledge? The answer is clearly no. The primary schoolteachers on the one hand "owe" to contribute to research and to produce new knowledge and on the other hand it is purposeful for the schoolteachers themselves to become subjected to research and analysis, in order for them to make the various aspects of the educational system known through their experience, which, if taken into consideration, will lead to desperately needed new directions. At the same time, there are many factors which influence the mission of the modern schoolteacher, sometimes in a positive way and sometimes making processes more difficult. Included among these factors are new demographic classifications, economic outbursts, modern science and technological advancements, the value of cultural identity, human rights issues, influence of the mass media, and worldwide attitude towards poverty, the environment and unemployment. In view of the changes and scientific evolution, technology advancements, economies, e.t.c., today's schoolteachers are called upon to obtain more tools, such as foreign languages, awareness of the European identity, understanding of various cultures and many more demands. The main problem of the present study is the tracing and recording of facts regarding the representations of schoolteachers in regards to their profession and functions, as they add up to on a personal and social level, as well as the feelings, whether direct or indirect, which schoolteachers face in relation to their daily activities.