This paper will explore the new ways on which people are using technology for learning - inlcuding learners in formal vocation education and training and informal learning taking place in SMEs, based on research from the seven country ICt and SME project. The paper will go on to conisder how learning gained ins chool, in the home and in the workplace contributes to competnce development. Thsi will inlcude an exporation fo different concepts of competnce development and the implications of such concepts for the development of technology enhanced learning. The final section of the paper will introduce the idea and practicie of the Personl Learning Envorinment, based on developmental work undertaken for teh e-Learning programme Bazaar project. It will suggest that the development of PLEs has profound implications for pedagogy and the instutional and curriculum organisation of education and training.