Involving Socially Disadvantaged Young People In Health Through Pedagogy: Implications For Health Education
Author(s):
Jeanette Magne Jensen (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2014
Format:
Paper

Session Information

08 SES 07, Health Education in a Community and Lifelong Perspective

Paper Session

Time:
2014-09-03
17:15-18:45
Room:
B101 Sala de Aulas
Chair:
Bjarne Bruun Jensen

Contribution

This paper discusses finding from two midterm evaluations (2012/2013) of a health promotion intervention project aiming at involving socially disadvantaged young people in health and increasing their sense of coherence and empowerment through a unique pedagogical method.

The project takes place in eight institutions in the Municipality of Copenhagen and in the neighborhoods/communities of the institutions, where young people with immense social challenges live for a longer or shorter period. The young people have heavy social problems and some of them are in danger of being imprisoned because of criminal behavior. An aim of the intervention is to show the young people that they possess unknown competences and resources which in return will give them a new and more positive image of themselves leading to better health and competences to handle challenges of everyday life.

The pedagogical method uses physical activities combined with an approach to the young people based on voluntariness, patience, flexibility, motivation and hope/confidence. The intervention project allocates a personal trainer to each of the young people. The personal trainer motivates the young people and trains with them when they are ready for training. The primary activities are all kinds of physical activities but can also be leisure activities (music, help with homework or handwork). The principal of the pedagogical method is that all activities take a starting point in the specific activities the young people themselves decide to participate in and in a pace and rhythm determined by the young people. The project contains 46 personal, volunteer trainers who all together have been training/working with 615 young people in the period April, 2011 till December, 2013.

Theoretical/analytical framework and questions in the research:
The analytical framework of the evaluation is inspired by theories of social constructivism/narratives (Gergen, 200), the theory of salutogenesis (Antonovsky, 2000) and theory of social competences (Persson, 2003).

  • What new narratives/stories can the young people tell about themselves because of their participation in the intervention project? A narrative is defined as a unit of meaning which frames our experiences. It is through narratives that we interpret our experiences and it is through narratives that we understand ourselves.
  • In which ways does the intervention project help develop meaningfulness, comprehensibility and manageability in everyday life of the young people participating in the project? Theory of salutogenesis consists of the three components: Meaningfulness: a belief that things in life are interesting and a source of satisfaction, and that there is good reason or purpose to care about what happens. Comprehensibility: a sense that you can understand events in your life and reasonably predict what will happen in the future. Manageability: a belief that you have the skills or ability, the support, or the resources necessary to take care of things, and that things are manageable and within your control.
  • How does the intervention affect the social competences of the young people? Which new social competences do the young people develop and how are these competences visual in the social interaction with other people? How do the young people solve conflicts and build new social relations? How do they handle the relations between themselves, the others and society? 

Method

The evaluation uses a qualitative methodology striving for authenticity and in-depth in the empirical data. Because of the social constructivist viewpoint in the evaluation the ambition is to understand the intervention project from the viewpoint of the young people participating in the project. The evaluation used case studies where 9 different young people were studied through participant observations, in-depth interviews as well as interviews with the contact persons of the young people. Additional the evaluation carried through focus group discussions with staff working in the institutions where the young people live and individual in-depth interviews with the project leader of the intervention study.

Expected Outcomes

The research gives evidence that the pedagogical method holds a large potential to involve the most marginalized young people in a process which strengthen their health, well-being and quality of life. The project strengthens the sense of self-esteem among the young people as well as the case studies demonstrate how the young people have added new and positive dimension to their identity. The young people have through the project enhanced their competences – they have experienced that they are actually good at something. The young people have so to speak discovered hidden competences which they can transfer to other contexts of everyday life – ex. education. The research shows how the social competences of the participating young people are immensely strengthened. A group of the young people has found new friends through the intervention project, some have developed their pro social competences and yet others have turned their normal challenging behavior in to a larger inner peace. The project has contributed with a structure in the everyday life of the young people, has improved their social understanding and given them a new appreciation of the body. This new bodily appreciation has for some of the young people influenced their diet; they eat healthier food which in combination with physical activities has triggered a weight loss. The project has created a pass to the common sports clubs. This is an important result as participation in a sports club helps to include the disadvantaged young people in a setting outside the institutions. This has the potentials to enhance their social capital. The project has educated a number of the young people to become ‘community mentors’. Community mentors function as role models in disadvantaged areas of Copenhagen where the mentors create a link between marginalized young people living here and the project

References

Antonovsky, A. (2000): Helbredets mysterium (Unravelling the mystery of health). Hans Reitzels Forlag Ashworth P.D. & Judy Saxton (1990) On ‘competence’. Journal of Further and Higher Education Vol. 14, nr. 2. Denzin, NK & Lincoln, YS (eds): Handbook of Qualitative Research. Second Edition. Sage Publications Gergen, K. (2000): Virkelighed og relationer : tanker om sociale konstruktioner (Realities and relationships. Soundings in social construction). Dansk Psykologisk Forlag Jensen, J.M. (2001). Kortuddannede kvinders hverdagslige sundhedsbegreb. Om mulige veje til reduktion af social ulighed i sundhed (Short educated women’s everyday life notions of health – reducing health inequalities) Ph.d. afhandling, Aarhus UNiversitet/Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aarhus Jensen & Lysgaard (2012) Træningspas for unge døgnanbragte – Center for Udsatte og Kriminalitetstruede unge. Midtvejsevaluering 2012. (First midterm evaluation of Socially Disadvantaged Young People – better wellbeing through physical training and movement), Institut for uddannelse og Pædagogik/Institute of Education. Aarhus Universitet. Jensen & Lysgaard (2012) Træningspas for unge døgnanbragte – Center for Udsatte og Kriminalitetstruede unge. Midtvejsevaluering 2013. (Second midterm evaluation of Socially Disadvantaged Young People – better wellbeing through physical training and movement) Institut for uddannelse og Pædagogik/Institute of Education. Aarhus Universitet. Mach-Zagal, R. & Saugstad, T. (2009): Sundhedspædagogik for praktikere (Health Education for practitioners). Munksgaard, 3. udgave. Simovska, V. (2012): Hvad er sundhed? (What is health?). In: Simovska, V. & Jensen, JM. (eds): Sundhedspædagogik i sundhedsfremme (Health Education and Health promotion. Gads Forlag, s. 33 – 50 Westera, Wim (2001) Competences in education: A confusion of tongues, Journal of Curriculum Studies, Vol. 33, nr. 1

Author Information

Jeanette Magne Jensen (presenting / submitting)
University of aarhus
Institute of Education
Copenhagen NV

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