Life Cycle Perspective in the Design of Health Education Interventions
Conference:
ECER 2014
Format:
Paper

Session Information

08 SES 07, Health Education in a Community and Lifelong Perspective

Paper Session

Time:
2014-09-03
17:15-18:45
Room:
B101 Sala de Aulas
Chair:
Bjarne Bruun Jensen

Contribution

This paper shows the life cycle at the core of the construction of strategies and designs in health education interventions. The aim is to highlight that life cycle model is well suited for designing health education interventions, because it is able to get a level of coherence and sequentiality that will produce greater effectiveness (Abrahamsson, et al., 2005; Alwin, 2005, 2012; Halfon, et al, 2014).

Life cycle is known as a valid construct in the review of human development, especially in health and wellness. It constitutes a framework that is emerging from recent years in the 20th century, but in which there is some controversy about the definition of terms involved in its construction. Life span, life course or life cycle, among others, could be contemplated as complementary elements, but each one brings a differentiating nuance. Those differences come due to the diverse approaches and visions that show the sciences which use them. Cofiño, et al., 2005; Cook, Mils & Lavender, 2011)

But we are mainly interested in the meaning of the progression of stages during a human life. On that basis, we consider that educational interventions should suit these assumptions:

  • Developmental nature of the human life and of the society in which he lives;

  • different behaviors of diverse agents implicated in the health area we are interesting in;

  • different human behaviors facing the same agent in the different stages of life cycle.

This vision of life cycle is clearly showed at smoking intervention, especially in pregnant women, because on this stage of the woman life tobacco is affecting the woman, the embryo, and the foetus. This foetus can become a girl (who would be protected against the passive habit of tobacco), then a teenager (who would be protected against a social environment that could be potentially causative of her smoking habit) and, finally, an adult, who could start a new cycle if he become a smoker expectant mother. (Hser, Longshore & Anglin, 2007; Ranking, 2000; Solomon & Quinn, 2004; Thornton, 2003; Wethington, 2005).

Other agents and social structures, which should be contemplated in health educational programs as cyclical factors, are implicated in this cycle. (Kaufman, 2012; Montes et al., 2002; Nebot et al., 2011; Pineault & Daveluy, 1987).

Method

We have used a descriptive and qualitative methodology. The main way of collecting data are interviews and surveys to smoker or ex-smoker pregnant and postpartum women and to health care provider implicated in her progress, during a tobacco withdrawal program for pregnant women. The data is collected between hospital and primary health care population. Interviews are considerate as the most ideal way to get a deep knowledge of significant aspects of people life cycle. A bibliographical revision that gives us the information about the current situation of the issue is added. And finally we have triangulated the results of key informants interviews, surveys and opinions and bibliographical revisions. (Stake, 2006, 2010; Fernández-Ballesteros, 2001).

Expected Outcomes

A health educational program should include life cycle concept as the intervention construct guide and enhancing of continuity of care. The life cycle concept that we propose, based on the results generated in the research, need a joint consideration of three elements: the presence and the meaning of tobacco as a habit, its effects and the continuity of care on the part of health services. Those three elements have a differential aspect in the diverse stages of a human life. In other words, the habit has not the same meaning in a teenager that in an adult woman. In the first one it was a necessary identity sign and, in the second one, to combat against dependency. The effects are not the same in a foetus that in a child or in an adult. In the last case, it has specific effects related to the reproductive age and the pregnancy, if we talk about a woman. Finally, in healthcare, it has a profile based on the age group. That is because there are specific programs and interventions for each life stage. Therefore, the application of “life cycle” vision into health education programs, could improve the results in so far as it achieves that different interventions acquire continuity and coherence and, consequently, a greater impact and effectiveness. That would also allow generating a theoretical body about the design of health education intervention programs.

References

Abrahamsson, A.; Springett, J.; Karlsso, L. & Ottoson, T. (2005). Making sense of the challenge of smoking cessation during pregnancy: an approach. Health Education Research, 20, 367-378. Alwin, D.F. (2005). A life-span developmental perspective on social status and health. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 67 (2), 206-220. Alwin, D.F. (2012). Integrating varieties of life course concepts. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 67 (2), 206-220. Cofiño, R.; Alvarez, B; Fernández, S. & Hernández, R. (2005). Promoción de la salud basada en la evidencia: ¿realmente funcionan los programas de salud comunitarios? Atención Primaria, 35, 478-483. Cook, A.; Mils, T. A. & Lavender, T. (2011). Advanced maternal age: delayed childbearing is rarely a conscious choice. A qualitative study of women´s views and experiences. International Journal of Nursing Studies. Doi:10.1016/j.injnurstu.2011.07.13 Fernández-Ballesteros, R. (2001) Evaluación de programas . Una guía práctica en ámbitos sociales, educativos y de la salud. Madrid: Síntesis. Halfon, N.; Larson, K.; Lu, M.; Tullis, E. & Russ, S. (2014). Lifecourse health development: past, present and future. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 18(2), 344-365. Hser, Y.; Longshore, D. & Anglin, M.D. (2007) The lifecourse perspective on drug use: a conceptual framework for understanding drug use trajectories. Evaluation Review. 31(6), 515-547. Kaufman, C. (2012). Designing a nursing care plan for a life time. Nursing. 42(7), 54-60. Montes, G.; Morales, P.; Morales, M. I. & Blancac, V. (2002). Propuestas de adaptación de la cartera de servicios a la realidad actual. Atención Primaria, 29, 129-131. Nebot, M.; López, M. J.; Ariza, C.; Villalbí, J. R. & Garcia-Altés, A. (2011). Evaluación de la efectividad en la salud pública: fundamentos conceptuales y metodológicos. Gaceta Sanitaria, 25, 3-8. Pineault, R. & Daveluy, C. (1987). La planificación sanitaria. Concepto, métodos, estrategias. Barcelona: Masson. Ranking, S.H. (2000). Life-span development: refreshing a theoretical and practice perspective. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 14(4),379-388. Solomon, L. J. & Quinn, V. P. (2004). Spontaneous quitting: self-initiated smoking cessatoin in early pregnancy. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 203-216. Stake, R. (2006). Evaluación comprensiva y evaluación basada en estándares. Barcelona: GRAO. Stake, R. (2010). Investigación con estudio de casos. Madrid: Morata. Thornton, J.E. (2003). Life-span learning: a developmental perspective.International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 57(1), 55-76. Wethington, E. (2005). An overview of the life course perspective: implications for health and nutrition. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behaivor. 37 (3), 115-120.

Author Information

Juan-Carlos Tójar (submitting)
University of Malaga
Methods of Educational Research and Innovation
Malaga
Universidad de Málaga
Enfermería
Málaga
Universidad de Málaga
Métodos de Investigación e Innovación Educativa
Málaga

Update Modus of this Database

The current conference programme can be browsed in the conference management system (conftool) and, closer to the conference, in the conference app.
This database will be updated with the conference data after ECER. 

Search the ECER Programme

  • Search for keywords and phrases in "Text Search"
  • Restrict in which part of the abstracts to search in "Where to search"
  • Search for authors and in the respective field.
  • For planning your conference attendance, please use the conference app, which will be issued some weeks before the conference and the conference agenda provided in conftool.
  • If you are a session chair, best look up your chairing duties in the conference system (Conftool) or the app.