Romania is the largest of the post-transition states that have, in the last twenty years, changed both their political system (from communism) and their economic orientation (in joining the European Union). As a consequence their initial education and training, continuing vocational training and patterns of lifelong learning have all been reshaped. In Romania lower and upper secondary school teachers are trained in long-term higher education, 4 to 5 years, depending on the subject they will teach. Higher education teachers must hold a graduation diploma of long-term higher education as well as a diploma of doctoral studies. As regards trainers in enterprises there are as yet no specific requirements in terms of formal qualification. Enterprises often choose experienced workers for in-house training activities. Usually in-company trainers have completed a trainers’ training programme offered by the teacher training departments at universities.