Elements of success and indicators of portability of Health-promoting Schools initiatives: an analysis of the SHE network member state participation
Conference:
ECER 2015
Format:
Paper

Session Information

08 SES 06 B, Theory, Practice and Policy of Health-Promoting Schools: European Perspectives

Paper Session

Time:
2015-09-09
15:30-17:00
Room:
107.Oktatóterem [C]
Chair:
Goof Buijs

Contribution

There is evidence to suggest that attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours- for example, those relating to smoking, physical activity, and food choices, but only -  learned during childhood show strong tracking into adulthood (Kelder 1994; Singh 2008; Whitaker 1997). Promoting healthy habits during the age of development is therefore of key importance (Langford 2014). Over the past 30 years, there have been several international initiatives to define and advance the role of schools in promoting and protecting health. The current work in school health promotion in Europe  is organized through the Schools for Health in Europe (SHE) Network with a  total of 54 reality among 43 countries (Simovska 2012). The network was founded in 1991 formerly named the European Network of Health Promoting Schools (ENHPS) in these years it has demonstrated progress in increasing the co-operation of the education and health sectors and in establishing health promotion as part of the core work of schools in several member states. In all this time the concept of health-promoting schools, even if under the same aims and scopes, has been interpreted differently in these different cultural, geographical and educational contexts, and only few qualitative studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the strategies used by health promoters to implement such initiatives (Hung 2014). This long experience has, indeed, brought empirical elements of success that can serve as useful benchmark to guide new initiatives or, simply, to stimulate non SHE countries to learn from effective experiences. Unfortunately even if this contribution represents a so called Communities of Practice (CoP) (Wenger 2003), it has never been systematically documented, in some ways reducing the direct advantage of being part of a network of experts. Furthermore new countries that can desire to be part of the network could be helped in avoiding unsuccessful choices having a sort of empirical guideline to be followed in order to maximize their participation. Given these premises we intend to analyze all the published and grey documentation of the 43 member countries experience in order to identify elements of success and discuss the existing benchmark indicators of portability.

Method

We Started from the official SHE network web site. All the 54 different realities were reached following the published link and for each a deep investigation in the country dedicated web site was performed. Documents, projects and available material were collected in English when existing and/or in the available language. All the materials were translated in some cases also using Google translate. In case of broken links or when documents were not available through web site, countries representatives were directly contacted. All retrieved information were organized in a conceptual matrix in order to allow comparisons between countries and initiatives. The collected elements for each country were: country years of experience, information on presence and responsibilities of national coordinators, availability of national policies, aims and country strategies, number and typology of involved schools, planned and completed health promotion initiatives (within local, regional or country level), evaluation tools eventually used, produced documentation such as manuals or guidelines, declared barriers or elements of success. A qualitative assessment of the different contents was conducted in order to allow a final ranking of success.

Expected Outcomes

Valuing the experiences driven in the last 24 years by the SHE members countries revealed that different elements of success can be learned as indicators of good practice. Countries with a long course involvement, with only few exceptions, were the most informative. They showed to be able to test different strategies and to select the most effective ones. Among those the some of critical point revealed by our analyses were: having the support from the main institutions involved, at policy and organizational level; creating collaboration between the educational and the health sectors; planning on assessed context specific population needs; using an existing system of surveillance to assess, before, and evaluate the impact of the driven initiatives; improving the ability of engaging the different stakeholders, in particular youths. The latter being also an indicator of effectiveness of intervention. The results of this analysis highlighted the importance of developing school health policies that meet local health needs, and socio-cultural characteristics that can foster mutual understanding between the health and education sectors so as to foster health promotion initiatives. These analysis provides some reflections on what has been achieved to date and what might lie ahead in school health promotion globally and, in some instances, can contribute to increase the CoP experience in order to maximize the opportunity of being part of a long course network. It furthermore can contribute to the drafting of a guideline of the useful steps to effectively taking part and being positively involved in a such important network.

References

Kelder SH, Perry CL, Klepp K-I, Lytle LL. Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity, and food choice behaviors. American Journal of Public Health 1994; 84(7):1121–6. Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JWR, Van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJM. Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obesity Reviews 2008;9(5):474–88. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 337(13):869–73 Langford, Rebecca, et al. "The WHO Health Promoting School framework for improving the health and well‐being of students and their academic achievement." The Cochrane Library (2014). Simovska, Venka. "What do health-promoting schools promote? Processes and outcomes in school health promotion." Health Education 112.2 (2012): 84-88. Hung, Tommy Tsz Man, et al. "Understanding of Factors that Enable Health Promoters in Implementing Health-Promoting Schools: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Qualitative Evidence." PloS one 9.9 (2014): e108284. Wenger, Etienne. "Communities of Practice and Social Learning Systems” in D Nicolini, S Gherardi, and DYanow, eds. Knowing in organizations: A practice-based approach. ME Sharpe, 2003. pp76-99

Author Information

Alberto Borraccino (presenting / submitting)
University of Torino
Department of Public Health and Paediatrics
Torino
Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Italy
Local Health District TO3, Regional Centre for Health Promotion Documentation (DoRS)
Local Health District TO3, Regional Centre for Health Promotion Documentation (DoRS)

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