Workplace learning is a term open to wide-ranging interpretation. As noted by Lee et al. (2004) there is neither a singular definition nor a unified approach to what workplace learning is, what it should comprise, or for whom it is or should be intended. Definitions, terminology and perceptions related to learning in the workplace vary between studies, including the use of terms such as work-related learning (Streumer, 2006), work-based learning (Avis, 2004) or learning at work (Boud and Garrick, 1999). The interpretation of the workplace as a site only for work and job-specific training has been changing, especially in the last two decades. Workplaces are now being acknowledged as sites for learning in various configurations, contributing to lifelong learning, personal development and social engagement of individuals (Evans et al, Guile, 2010). Workplace learning as a concept has been considered through the lens of different theoretical perspectives, such as situated learning (Lave and Wenger, 1998), activity theory (Engestrom, 2001) and social ecology (Evans et al., 2011). The body of literature related to issues of human resources and management draws on the concept of workplace learning specifically considering the concept through the theories of knowledge management and organisational learning at work. Cairns and Malloch (2011) suggest that there is a need for a broader conceptualisation of workplace learning, arguing that work should be understood and defined as more than employment for remuneration, and the concept of workplace learning needs to be considered in the context of three terms: work, place and learning. The chapter will draw on these key terms that together constitute the concept of workplace learning, looking specifically at their structure, meaning and affordances. The three scales, namely those of individual, environmental and organisational, will provide a framework for discussion of learning at work, and will consider the role of individuals and employers within the general context of the contemporary workplace learning space.

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