One of the major challenges in instructional design is the specification of design models for blended learning. It is complex because the emergence of blended learning environments reveals that what matters is not only specific delivery modi, learning tasks or tools within courses, but also the broader (organizational and programme) contexts in which learners are instructed. Learners construct knowledge in interaction with others and their contexts, rather than purely individually (Greeno, 1989). Both course and programme arrangements should consider learner characteristics in order to maximize learning outcomes and learners’ persistence. Furthermore, it has been suggested that blended learning is especially challenging for learners with lower learning abilities, given the extent of learner control. This study is based on the assumption that specific constellations of prior knowledge and motivation determine learners’ self-regulatory skills. High levels of prior knowledge and motivation result in improved self-regulation and enhanced abilities to take appropriate decisions in blended learning environments, which in turn result in higher learning outcomes and persistence. The opposite is true as well. Based on a thorough analysis of literature, this contribution aims at identifying the specific characteristics that facilitate or inhibit learning opportunities in blended learning environments, by identifying the key components of course and programme arrangements. The 4C/ID model is the starting point of the theoretical analysis (Van Merriënboer, 1997). With regard to self-regulation this analysis is in line with the COPES model of Winne (1997). It is expected that when more structure and follow-up are provided, learners with low self-regulation will encounter fewer problems. Not solely at the course, but also at the programme level. With regard to the latter, the interplay between the 3C model (Kerres, & De Witt, 2003) and the contextual components described by Porter and colleagues (2014) is used in the analysis.

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