Session Information
Paper Session
Contribution
The changes in contemporary culture have created a new context, where people have been confronted with new ways of bonding socially with others. This is especially relevant in contexts like infant protection institutions and especially in foster homes for unweaned babies.
These foster homes are transitory residences for boys and girls in situations of violation. Women with some experience in nursuries and daycares are in charge, who serve as caregivers or have direct interaction with the infants.
This has led to subjective level (singular) transformations, especially in the way these individuals establish social bonds, creating new social groupings in witch exclusion and marginalization are a constant and extreme individualism dominates.
The conceptual frame from where the topic was approached is the Attachment Theory of Enrique Pichón Riviére (1985), also considering as background the General theory of Gender and the contributions from the anthropologic perspective of Sonia Montecino’s (2002) studies who performs a historical sweep regarding individual aspects of Chilean culture, and how particular forms of relating are formed.
Being an infant caregiver requires a basic knowledge about first order needs such as feeding, hygiene and the health of boys and girls. Discipline in the effecting of tasks is required, organization and planning in regards to routines and activities. It involves dedication, effort, commitment and strong emotional bonds are established with the children that there reside. The observation of these aspects where what motivated the development of this study, it seems to be a simple, functional and structured job, however the execution of it, has a deeper framework that attempts to be revealed with the purpose of counting on theoretical background to culturally elaborate social and educational programs that approach the problem.
It is striking that within the culture of such institutions where one works with a strong emotional charge, the commitment of the caregivers, is one of the most important requirements. It is an unmodifiable commitment, that implies paying attention to the requirements of a group of boys and girls during long hours, leaving the minimum time for their families and their personal and social life… There is no possibility of career development or training, since it is a nonprofit institution, that counts on a minimum contribution of the state and keeps functioning in terms of donations… Observing this situation was what led to the problem of this investigation.
Even thought the emerging problems have been associated to personal experiences, they maintained common variables like the cultural transfer regarding the roles assigned feminine and masculine, nuclear family experiences that marked the way they regrouped as adult women, and the way they establish attachment relationship.
Method
Expected Outcomes
References
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (1993). Cambios en el perfil de la familia. Experiencia regional. Consultado el 13 de Noviembre 2006, 14:32 de http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/2/12602/ P12602.xml&xsl=/tpl/p9f.xsl Doltó, F. (2000). Lo femenino. Artículos y conferencias. Bs. Aires: Ed. Paidós. Huneeus, P. (2006). El íntimo femenino. Estudios sobre la mujer. Santiago de Chile: Ed. Nueva generación. González, J. (2000). Tendencias de la dinámica demográfica en la familia. Revista Universitaria, 69, 49-55. Lamas, M. (2003). El género. La construcción cultural de la diferencia sexual. México: Ed. Miguel Ángel Porrúa Mellafe, R. y Salinas, R. (1988). Sociedad y Población Rural en la Formación del Chile Actual: La Ligua 1700-1850. Santiago de Chile: Ed. Universidad de Chile. Montecino, S. (2001). Madres y Huachos. Santiago de Chile: Ed. Sudamericana. Montecino, S., Castro, R. y De la Parra, M. (2003). Mujeres espejos y fragmentos, Antropología del género y Salud en el Chile del siglo XXI. Santiago de Chile: Ed. Catalonia. Morandé, P. (2000). LA FAMILIA: estructura fundamental de la ecología humana Revista Universitaria, 69, 33-43. Muñoz, M. (2000). La mujer en la tradición familiar chilena. Revista universitaria, 69, 56-63. Pichón-Riviére, E. (1985) Teoría del Vinculo. Bs. Aires: Ed. Nueva Visión. Pujal, M. y Pujol, J. (1995). Discurso, Orden Social y Relaciones de Poder. Una Propuesta y su Ejemplificación en el Discurso sobre la Maternidad. Revista de Psicología Aplicada, 5(1/2), 165-184. Sandoval, C. (1996). Investigación cualitativa. Bogotá Colombia: Ed. ARFO. Servicio Nacional de la Mujer (2003, Enero) Estudios PMG. Consultado el día 5 de Noviembre 2006 de la URL http://www.sernam.cl/estudios/index.htm Servicio Nacional de Menores (2006, Marzo). Consultado el día 6 de Noviembre 2006 de la URL http://www.sename.cl/ Solé, C., Parella, S. (2004) Nuevas Expresiones Sobre la Maternidad. Las Madres con Carreras Profesionales Exitosas. Consultado el 10 de Octubre del 2006 de http://www.msc.es/novedades/docs/informe2005SaludGenero.pdf
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