Territory, Policy and Education. The Pedagogy of Urban Spaces.

Session Information

14 SES 02 A, Dimensions of Rural/Urban Context-Oriented/Place-Based Education

Paper Session

Time:
2011-09-13
15:15-16:45
Room:
KL 25/134,G, 70
Chair:
Linda Mary Hargreaves

Contribution

In a technological world, marked by globalization and the feeling of having overcome the traditional coordinates of space and time, the proximal everyday spaces, specifically the urban ones, seems to have lost their interest for the construction of the subject's identity. However, is precisely in this spaces where most of the activities and socialization processes are taking place.
We are much accustomed to seeing and interpreting education as a personal and individual phenomenon produced and explained in terms of word-mediated interpersonal dynamics. As a result of this dominant conception, the urban space has being relegated to a secondary level, passive, as merely receiver or continent of our behaviours. Only when we started to see that, aside from this wrong assumption, urban spaces are in relation to people and, indeed, its configuration and expression seriously affect the identity, behaviour and even the existence of human beings, only then we rushed to include the urban spaces in our educational reflections.
How has being constructed this new assumption?  It has been understood space as a dimension of the complex matrix of factors that shape the educational phenomenon, by drawing up specific forms of education, such as environmental education or urban education; instead of interpreting it as a constituent component of the phenomenon itself and, therefore, entitled to be considered as an inherent aspect in the educational process, resulting in a Pedagogy of urban spaces.
This change in perspective explains one line of research in our group, which aiming at the diagnosis and analysis of a series of parameters, or regularities that articulate urban spaces and proffer meanings for the subjects that experienced a customary space.
Within the above assumption this paper seeks for the interrelationships between the areas defined by three concepts: territory, education and policy action, which act as frames that connect and define a field of vital interest to both education and policy, and eventually to the wellness of communities. Thus, we are interested in showing the place that corresponds to the territory, understood as space, environment, context and situation, not only physical but also social and cultural, in which the action of social and educational policies takes place.
The objective was to determine whether subjects’ experiencing the use of a public park allows us to verify that, in essence, there is education in this space, as a result of the set of relationships that subjects experienced, with the final aim of finding significant information for the proposal of local educational policies. In this vein, we sought to verify that a park "is education not only because the activities carried out are educational, but also because it has intrinsic educational elements favouring the primary training processes”.  From this perspective, this space, the park, is not only a particular physical environment, a stage for subjects’ behaviours, but also an active agent in the process of building their identities.

Method

This research deals with the hypothesis of: if the "Picasso" park (the analyzed space) contributes to some of the vital processes of the people who live there, specially processes of construction of identities, thus, there are some variables or significant vectors, communicational, relational, meaningful and emotional which explains relationship established between the park and the subject. Consequently, knowledge and analysis of these variables could provide an optimization of the policies at a local level. In this vein, the type of research is principally descriptive, using the structured interview as a technique (using Likert scale), which has been completed by a representative sample of the three main collectives that go usually to the park: people playing traditional games (group 1), people with children (group 2) and other users of the park (group 3). Data was codified and analysed by statistical methods, descriptive and inferential, by parametric and non-parametric tests.

Expected Outcomes

The results show an average level of interrelation between the users and the park. Certain interesting differences between the groups have been noticed, leading us to conclude that the park possesses an educational language. Our outcomes confirm that the public space have elements that allow the subjects to identify themselves in relation, harmony and emotional bond, which can be translated into elements of identity construction as the core process of the personality building. Conclusions are twofold. On the one hand, the educational action needs this kind of research studies that go in relation with the social, spatial and timed processes of the society. Societal problems are increasingly complex leading us to further analysis regarding the people’s vital rhythm, the urban spaces in which they invest their time and the values that underpin these experiences, in order to develop social and educational effective policies. On the other, the Pedagogy of the spaces based on the substitution of the abstract idea of space as a space of action concept, which is inherent to the human action and, consequently, to the educational action, is presented as a way of action which might be incorporated into living spaces.

References

APPLE, Michel. Cultural politics and education. New York: Teachers College Press, 1996. AUGÉ, Marc. Non-Places. Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. London and New York: Verso Books, 1995. BADIE, Bertrand. Fin des territoires. Essai ser le désordre international et sur l´utilité sociale du respect. Paris, Arthème Fayard, 1995. BERNS, Margie. Contexts of competences: social and cultural considerations in communicative language teaching (New York: Plenum Press, 1990). CUPTA, Akhil and FERGURSON, J. Space, identity and the Politics of difference, in Cultural Antropology, 7, 1992, 6-23. DEWEY, John. Democracy and Education. An Introduction to the Philosophy of education. New York: Simon and Chuster, Inc, 1997. DEWEY, John. Democracia y Educación. Madrid: Morata, 1998. DOBSON, S. The urban Pedagogy of Walter Benjamín. Lessons for the 21 Century. Londres: University of London, New Cross, 2002. ESCOBAR, Arturo. Culture in places: reflections on globalism and subaltern strategies of localization, in Political Geography, 22/2, 2001, 139-74. GOETZ, Edward G. and CLARKE, Susan E. (eds.) The New Localism. Comparative Urban Politics in a Global Era. Londres: Sage, 1993. GOTEES, E. and CLARKE, S. (eds.) The New Localism. Comparative Urban Politics in a Global Era. London: Sage, 1993. HETHERINGTON, Kevin. Expressions of identity: space, performance, politics. London: Sage, 1998. HYMES, Dell H. On communicative competence. Philadelphia: University of Pensylvania, 1971. KAUFMANN, P. L´Experience Emotionnelle de l´Espace. Paris: Vrin, 1967. LASH, Scott and URRY, John. Economies of Signs and Space. London: Sage, 1994. SASSEN, Saskia. Globalization and its discontent. New York: New Press, 1998. SIMON, N. H., Models of Man: Social and Rational. New York: Wiley, 1957. SPRING, J. Political agendas for education. Mahwah, New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 1997. STEVEN, Feld and BASSO, Reith. H. Senses of Place. Santa Fe: NM, School of American Research Press, 1996.

Author Information

Maria Jose Hernández-Serrano (presenting / submitting)
University of Salamanca
Salamanca
University of Salamanca, Spain
University of Salamanca, Spain

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