A Critique Of The " Possibilization " Of Education : Gilles Deleuze and Giorgio Agamben On Impossible Learning.
Author(s):
Florelle D'Hoest (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

13 SES 04, Parallel Paper Session

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-11
09:00-10:30
Room:
D-304
Chair:
Gonzalo Jover

Contribution

The existence of educational institutions is only rarely at stake. Quite the opposite : their efficacy is supposed to be relentlessly improved by educational policies, which are constantly evaluated, discussed and renewed for the sake of educational institutions' operating. It is thus undeniable that educational institutions and policies are usually considered as necessary to the phenomenon " education " .

I suggest here one philosophical conceptual framework to interpret this contemporary condition : modality, as the metaphysico-logical branch of Philosophy concerned with the mode (actuality, necessity, possibility, impossibility, contingency, potentiality...) in which anything exists. Education is considered, from the outset and acoording to the common understanding, as a phenomenon which emboddies the possible par excellence, meaning that, if education happens, it is not on the mode of necessity: it can happen. If education do not occur necessarily, but only possibly, that means that, at the same time, it can happen and not happen as well. Yet the presence of educational institutions and their permanent improvement through educational policies indicate that we want education to happen necessarily.

Under the perspective of modality, I will claim in this paper that educational systems -institutions and policies included- are designed, in this willing of rendering the education necessary, to possibilize the possible, that is : to render the possible even more possible. The classroom being  colonised by information and education technology turns out to be a symptomatic image of this current educational climate, to the extent that it is widely believed that this practice offers many benefits to all aspects of education. But what does it mean to render the possible " even more possible "? A spontaneous and natural answer would be " to  move the possible closer to the real ". Yet if possibility is the mode in which something can and can not happen at the same time, it means that possibility is both close and far -or neither close nor far- from reality ; thus this commonplace idea, that the possibilization of the possible is the process in which possibility approaches reality, has to be carefully revised.

Only then will we be in a position to properly unravel this unquestioned will to render the education, as a possible, " more possible ". For this contribution is part of a broader project of dissertation about a certain philosophical approach of learning, I will focus on the topic of learning. Taking an unconventional research approach, I will suggest to consider seriously the following question : What would happen if we started to count, not on an always more possible, but on an impossible education ? This suggestion is not based on a mere provocative play on words but, on the contrary, inspired by the insightful work of european contemporary thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze and Giorgio Agamben.

Method

This reflection will be for the most part a conceptual systematic analytical enquiry, widely based on bibliographic sources. The main method used to carry out this research will consist in " reading together " certain texts written by Gilles Deleuze and Giorgio Agamben in the framework of an " experiment without truth " -both " reading together " and " experiment without truth " are genuine philosophical methods which will be simultqneously explained and performed in this work. It is claimed here that Deleuze's account on the couples actual-virtual and tired-exhausted, as attempts to unravel the concept of " possibility ", can be enriched by Agambenian's approach of potentiality -hence the selection of the " reading together " method, which is something other than a synthetical or simplifying nor a harmonisation technique. Though education was not the primary concern of both thinkers, it is maintained here that their philosophical work is virtually or potentially meaningful to the education field, not by providing normative principles or efficient courses of action, but rather by allowing us, through a certain kind of experiment, to think education and learning in terms of " impossibility " .

Expected Outcomes

Both Agambenian and Deleuzian philosophical approaches are strongly committed to revise that particular mode of existence which is the possible. Deleuze, by opposing the couple actual-virtual to the possible-real, makes space and time for the emergence of novelty ; this movement, completed here with Agamben’s concept of the " potential-not-to ", invites to reconsider our common understanding of the concept of " learning ". By using the philosophical approach described above as springboard, it becomes conceivable to think about education through the lens of the " impossible ". Thought this way, education is no longer considered as a possible always likely to be possibilized, but rather as a radically impossible phenomenon. The principle theoretical outcome I expect to find here is an " impossible " not interpreted as something that cannot exist, but rather as some-thing that can, as well as can not, exist. More importantly, we can call this mode of existence " impossibility " because it has ceased to rely on a possibility (understood as pre-existent model for future realities). To think, under this deleuzian-agambenian perspective, in terms of " impossibility " contributes to empower the senses of novelty and freedom in education.

References

Agamben, G. (1999) Potentialities. Collected Essays in Philosophy. Stanford : Stanford University Press. Agamben, G. (1993) Stanzas. Word and Phantasm in Western Culture. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press. Bergson, H. (2011) Le possible et le réel. Paris : P.U.F. Borges, J. L. (1998) " Pierre Ménard, Author of the Quixote ", in Collected Fictions, pp.88-95. New York : Viking. Deleuze, G. (1991) Bergsonism, New York, Zone Books. Deleuze, G. (1994) Difference and repetition, London, The Athlone Press. Deleuze, G. (1995) Negotiations, New York, Columbia University Press. Deleuze, G. (1995) " The Exhausted ", in Substance, vol.24, No.3, Issue 78, pp.3-28. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press Kundera, M. (2003) The Art of the Novel. New York : Perennial Classics.

Author Information

Florelle D'Hoest (presenting / submitting)
Complutense University of Madrid
Madrid

Update Modus of this Database

The current conference programme can be browsed in the conference management system (conftool) and, closer to the conference, in the conference app.
This database will be updated with the conference data after ECER. 

Search the ECER Programme

  • Search for keywords and phrases in "Text Search"
  • Restrict in which part of the abstracts to search in "Where to search"
  • Search for authors and in the respective field.
  • For planning your conference attendance, please use the conference app, which will be issued some weeks before the conference and the conference agenda provided in conftool.
  • If you are a session chair, best look up your chairing duties in the conference system (Conftool) or the app.