Assessment in Handicraft: a Study of Learning Floral Arrangement
Author(s):
Camilla Gåfvels (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

02 SES 09 B, Measurement and Assessment

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-12
11:00-12:30
Room:
A-103
Chair:
Andreas Sebe-Opfermann

Contribution

The making of flower arrangements is about shaping and forming a product. It is also the content of a school subject framed by institutional curriculum in Swedish upper secondary school. The paper aims to highlight floristry education through analyzing a few assessment sequences regarding specific flower arrangements; among them bouquets, funeral arrangements and wedding decorations. The focus is on how students learn to create arrangements trough relational assessment, while making the product.

The students’ understanding of making workable decisions involves cultural interpretation (Lund 2008) and is an integral part of handicraft knowing.  The intention of the paper is to describe how vocational knowing is acquired within an educational setting, with a specific focus on embodied actions – given that gestures and communication reflect cultural values. As the student becomes familiar with the field – and feels secure – the knowledge of aesthetic expression starts to emerge in the form of assessment of the product.

In the study, floristry assessment activities are scrutinized and analyzed. Detailed descriptions of the interaction and the negotiations – that take place in the classroom setting –are discussed in the paper. Complex activities, like teaching, are seen as constituted by clusters of situated actions; as well as embodied speech acts. Assessment is seen as relational, interactive, dynamic with emphasize on the collaborative aspect of the activity (Gipps 1999). When it comes to the aesthetic side, there are no global guiding principles saying a specific flower arrangement per se is beautiful, and no formalized body of knowledge saying how a thing “ought” to look or not (Bernstein 2012).  Still, there are value-driven cultural aspects within the curriculum that make statements about norms and ideals; as well as prediction. Floristry education is a way of gaining professional vision (Goodwin 1994).

Tentative research questions include: What are the important aesthetic aspects regarding a specific flower arrangements? How is it expressed as an embodied act? What explicit and implicit rules or expectations are addressed in the assessment related to flowers as materiality? 

Method

The study is based on selected video sequences of classroom interaction. These are analyzed (approximately from a corpus of 40 hours) using conversation analysis (CA) on different assessments acts between teacher and student. The purpose is to show how floristry assessment is produced and understood (Pomerantz, Fehr 1997). The method opens up for analyzing separate sequences. Using CA is one way to describe floristry assessment as an aesthetic relational act between teacher, student and flower arrangement. Further, the analysis aims to highlight vocational knowing as something changeable which can be seen in speech acts around the floristry object.

Expected Outcomes

The initial findings from the pilot convey that: 1) embodied actions have an important role in communication of the floristry object showing aesthetic aspects; 2) the aesthetic knowing as vocational knowing is a part of gaining a professional vision – tacit knowing (Polanyi 2009/1966), and 3) assessments as a part of floristry knowing shown within embodied actions when making flower arrangements in school. These findings will be elaborated in the presentation related to vocational knowing. Assessment and tacit components will be exemplified as a specific way of knowing related to particular flower arrangements. The language game is a context driven activity reflecting how materiality is formed by embodied actions. Language is colored by judgments (Goodwin 1997).

References

Goodwin G (1997), “The Blackness of Black: Color Categories as Situated Practice”, i, Lauren B. Resnick, Roger Säljö, Clotilde Pontecorvo, & Barbara Burge(Eds.), Discourse, Tools and Reasoning: Essays on Situated Cognition (pp. 111-140). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; Goodwin, C. (1994). Professional vision. American Anthropologist, 96(3), 181–209 .Carlgren, I, (2011) ”Kunnande-kunskap-kunnighet” I Lindström, L., Lindberg, V. & Petttersson, A. (red) Pedagogisk Bedömning. Att dokumentera, bedöma och utveckla kunskap. HLS förlag; Gipps,C (1999).Chapter10:Socio-cultural aspects on assessment. Review of Research in Education, Vol.24, s355-392. Pomerantz A, Fehr BJ, Conversation Analysis: “An Approach to the Study of Social Action as Sense Making Practices”, in Dijk, T.A.V. (red.) (1997). Discourse studies: a multidisciplinary introduction. Vol. 2, Discourse as social interaction. Lund A (2008).Assessment made visible: Individual and collective practices. Mind, Culture, and Activity: An International Journal. Vol.15 (1),s 32‐51. Bernstein, J.M (2012), “Tasty: On the aesthetic and ethical universality of what cannot be proved”, i, After taste: Expanded practice in interior design, red: Kent Kleinman, Joanna Merwood- Salisbury, Lois Weinthal. Polanyi, M. (1983[1966]). The tacit dimension. (Repr.) Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith.

Author Information

Camilla Gåfvels (presenting / submitting)
Stockholm university
Department of Education
tockholm

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