Elite sport as official knowledge. A study of the distributive rules legitimating elite sport in the Norwegian national curriculum.
Author(s):
Svein Kårhus (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

23 SES 08 C, Physical Teachers' Education, Health and School Curriculum

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-12
09:00-10:30
Room:
G-103
Chair:
Nafsika Alexiadou

Contribution

Contextualized by an increasing focus on talent development and the ways in which the school system in several European countries meet the elite few (Green, 2004; Houlihan, 2009), and the growth of different public and private schools programs which in the regulated markets (quasi-markets) bring into play competitive forces making the providers more responsive to the interests, needs and concerns among students and their parents (Ball, 2008), the focus of this paper is the establishment of ‘elite sport’ as an elective school subject in the Norwegian national curriculum. In the 2006 curriculum reform, discursively named ‘The Knowledge Promotion’, elite sport was configured as ‘official knowledge’ (Apple, 2000, 2003; Bernstein, 2000) for pupils age 16-19 in the Norwegian school system. However, compared to the political emphasis on the school system’s contribution to national elite sport ambitions and the considerable debates and the focus for government intervention in the UK, pointed at by Houlihan (2009), elite sport in the Norwegian context has not been specifically considered or handled as part of any education policy report, or made the subject of any public debates.

Contextualized by the education policy silence characteristic in the 2006 reform process and the establishment of elite sport as official knowledge, this paper analyzes discourses of ‘what counts’ as official knowledge (Bernstein, 2000; Apple, 2000) in the national school system as school subjects are adapted to meet market demands. This paper focus upon the political awareness of the interests of students and parents repositioned as consumers free to choose schools, the national elite sport popularity and ambitions, and the interests of powerful organizations in the Norwegian society.  

Method

Drawing upon Rizvi and Lingard (2010) the paper presents a situated study of policy formations (Maguire and Ball, 1994; Ball 2008) based upon (elite-) interviews with five major, former and present national education policy players in the Parliament and Government to analyze the distributive rules (Bernstein, 2000) legitimating elite sport as a form of official knowledge, form of consciousness and form of practice in the school system.

Expected Outcomes

Framed within national neoliberal policy discourses and the expanding marketization of schooling, the paper illuminates the ways in which central politicians in the Parliaments Committee for Education and Research explain the arguments, rules and values which underpinned the establishment of elite sport as a subject in the written national curriculum. The analyses of data illuminate and problematize ways in which the elite sport distributive rules in the national education curriculum reform both - Underpin that private elite sport schools dependent upon governmental funding influence the changes of structure and curriculum in the public school system, - Underpin discourses of ‘modernized nationalism’ (Arnott & Ozga, 2010), and - Challenge the notions of education as a public versus a private good by providing opportunities for certain students to develop the appropriate traits they possess innately and to use them for their own social betterment. Thus, the analyses of elite sport distributive rules legitimating ‘modernized nationalism’ and elitist discourses framed within marketization, illuminate how elite sport as official knowledge in the 2006 ‘Knowledge Promotion’ reform represent significant ideological changes in the Norwegian comprehensive school system.

References

Apple, M.W. (2000) Official Knowledge: Democratic Education in a Conservative Age (2nd ed.), New York: Routledge Apple, M.W. (2003) (ed.). The State and the Politics of Knowledge. New York: Routledge Falmer. Arnott, M. & Ozga, J. (2010) Education and nationalism: the discourse of education policy in Scotland. Discourse. Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 31(3), 335-350 Ball, S.J. (2008) The education debate. Bristol: The University Press Bernstein, B. (2000) Pedagogy, Symbolic Control and Identity. Theory, Research, Critique Revised Edition. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Green, M. (2004) Changing policy priorities for sport in England: the emergence of elite sport development as a key policy concern. Leisure Studies 23 (4): 365-385 Houlihan, B. (2009) Sporting Excellence, Schools and Sport Development. In R. Bailey and D. Kirk (eds) The Routledge Physical Education Reader. London: Routledge Lingard, B. and Ozga, J.(eds) (2007) The RoutledgeFalmer Reader in Education Policy and Politics. London: Routledge Maguire, M. and Ball, S. (1994) Researching politics and the politics of research: recent qualitative studies in the UK, International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 7(3): 269-85 Rizvi, F. and Lingard, B. (2010) Globaliazing Education Policy. London: Routledge

Author Information

Svein Kårhus (presenting / submitting)
Norwegian School of Sports Sciences
Oslo

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