Collective Experimentation: Field Notes on Making University
Author(s):
Maarten Simons (presenting / submitting) Mathias Decuypere (presenting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

28 SES 08, Knowledge, Policy and Society

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-12
09:00-10:30
Room:
D-305
Chair:
Paolo Landri

Contribution

It is part of the self-understanding of many (research) universities that their education is based on research. Clearly, there is a lot of discussion about specific approaches towards the integration of research into teaching, for instance research based, research tutored, research led or research oriented teaching (Griffiths, 2004; Healey, 2005). In these discussions, it is often taken for granted that teaching and researching are distinct activities (with different roles) that somehow should be linked (Simons & Elen, 2007). Furthermore, the assumption is that research is a tool or context to enhance the learning of students. Next, these approaches consider learning as an individual activity, and if there is any attention for some collective dimension, it is mostly framed in terms of group or team work as a context to increase individual learning opportunities. Finally, it is often assumed that the so-called ‘public service’ function of the university is to be kept outside education.  This contribution reports on a concrete case of university teaching/education/service that goes beyond these differential, functional and individually-oriented approaches, and actually includes a form of public service. The case will be described in detail and is taken as a point of departure to reflect on the unique role of the university.

For the case we draw on a bachelor course regarding ‘the position of education in relation to society and culture’, where the teaching team and the students following the course were engaged in a project ‘(re-)assembling the school’, that is, a collective mapping of the school as an institution embedded in a broader societal and cultural field. The starting point of the process was the contention that schools can be considered as assemblages of objects of different kinds. The analogy with an airport might be useful here: just as the school, the airport is an assemblage of different objects that were all fabricated and put into their specific place. For an airplane to fly, for example, not only a plane and its crew are needed, but also a command tower, radars, gateways, and so on. Being able to fly requires a whole hinterland of different actors and objects, yet we are hardly percipient of all actors involved and how they precisely relate to each other. In a similar way, we are perhaps barely percipient of the different components of a school, their origin and how they precisely relate to/which each other.

In the course, then, the attempt was to describe this particular ‘school assemblage’ by means of a concrete analysis of relations, networks and nodes and hence to describe the fabrication of these assemblages (Fenwick & Edwards, 2010). Or stated otherwise, the vantage point of the course was the contention that it might be possible to bring ‘school objects’ to life and, in this very process, to make ‘silent’ objects appear as appealing and ‘talking’ things (Waltz, 2006; Turkle, 2011). What we hoped for, was that this mapping would allow for looking differently at ‘the’ school.

Method

The mapping of schools asked for a specific research/teaching/service design (to be presented at the conference) which we designated as “collective experiment” (Latour, 2004a): in the course, a collective of students and teachers was formed around the public concern “What is a school?”. Furthermore, the design was experimental in the sense that ‘we’, as a collective, did not know what we did not know (Ahrens, 2010): at the outset of this course, we did not know which objects were going to take a central place, which relations were going to be formed, etc. In order for this collective experiment to take place, a collective protocol was needed. Each student chose one ‘school object’ shat she wanted to map.(https://ppw.kuleuven.be/ecs/onderwijs/ondwsamenlcultuur/objecten). By tracing the context of use and origin, each student constructed her own network for the object to turn into a thing, that is, a peculiar gathering of relations (Latour, 2004b). Visualization of these networks was performed by means of Gephi. By looking for recurrent actors, the ‘object’-networks were integrated, allowing for collective school networks to be composed. These collective networks consisted of over 700 actors and over 2200 interactions (see links under references).

Expected Outcomes

This case allows to think of collective experimentation as a specific university practice, that is, as a process where research, education and service are merged. As a consequence, the outcomes of such collective experimentation are hardly expressible in terms of learning gain (for the student), knowledge gain (for the researcher) or social impact (for society). Rather than that and in various ways, the experiment resulted in transforming all participants into spokespersons (Latour, 2001). The collective experiment resulted in a collapse of the traditional fissures between ‘research’, ‘education’ and ‘society’ and between individual and group work. Students were as much researchers as the researchers were students, and their collective research was at once an entrance in the public debate. Students acted as researcher while engaged in the collective mapping, but equally in the uncomfortable position that is typical for the experimental stance of the researcher in which she does not know (yet) what she does not know (yet). The uncomfortable position was furthermore reinforced by the students having to have a public voice: on the above-mentioned weblinks, each student had to make public the results of her own research and hence, had to act as a spokesperson of ‘the’ school.

References

Ahrens, S. (2010). Experiment und Exploration. Bildung als experimentelle Form der Welterschließung. Bielefeld: Transcipt Verlag. Fenwick, T., & Edwards, R. (2010). Actor-network theory and education. London: Routledge. Griffiths, R. (2004). Knowledge production and the research-teaching nexus: The case of the built environment disciplines. Studies in Higher Education, 29, 709-726. Healey, M. (2005). Linking research and teaching: Exploring disciplinary spaces and the role of inquiry-based learning. In R. Barnett (Ed.), Reshaping the university. New relations between research, scholarship and teaching (pp. 67-78). Berkshire: Open University Press. Latour, B. (2001). What rules of method for the new socio-scientific experiments? Plenary lecture at the Darmstadt Colloquium, March 30, 2001. Latour, B. (2004a). Politics of nature: How to bring the sciences into democracy.Trans. C. Porter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Latour, B. (2004b). Why has critique run out of steam? From matters of fact to matters of concern. Critical Inquiry 30, no. 2: 225–48. Simons, M., Elen, J. (2007). The ‘research-teaching nexus’ and ‘education through research’: an exploration of ambivalences. Studies in Higher Education, 32(5), 617-631. Turkle, S. (ed.) (2011). Evocative objects: Things we think with. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Waltz, S. B. (2006). Nonhumans Unbound: Actor-Network Theory and the Reconsideration of ``Things' 'in Educational Foundations. Educational Foundations, 20(3/4). For collective network links: http://youtu.be/4byI-Jn435Y and https://ppw.kuleuven.be/ecs/onderwijs/ondwsamenlcultuur/netwerkanalysecollectief.

Author Information

Maarten Simons (presenting / submitting)
University of Leuven, Belgium
Mathias Decuypere (presenting)
KU Leuven
Laboratory for Education and Society
Leuven

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