Workplace Learning in Elder Care
Author(s):
Katarina Ssipos Zackrisson (presenting / submitting) Maud Baumgarten (presenting)
Conference:
ECER 2013
Format:
Paper

Session Information

02 SES 08 C, Informal Learning

Paper Session

Time:
2013-09-12
09:00-10:30
Room:
A-104
Chair:

Contribution

Context and purpose

Elder care is facing new challenges. Europe's aging population is in need of care and is described as multisick with various mental and physical illnesses. In addition there are functions such as quality assurance and documentation of care work in different ways. This requires different and deeper skills of the care workers, but also of institutions to prepare for development. Learning is considered important both for the organization and the individual. It provides the opportunity for a meaningful work that can enhance people's wellbeing and developmental opportunities, and also increase employability. Trade unions argue for the individuals' learning with reference to a justice and democracy. Care workers as a group has low formal education and to participate in skills development is not seen as something obvious. Workplace learning with planned learning activities have been shown to be beneficial even for groups with low formal education. Learning activities in this study incorporates informal as well as non-formal and formal activities in the workplace or in connection to the workplace. An important question will be how the care workers can deepen and broaden their skills?

 

The main purpose of the study is to describe the learning activities offered and the conditions for learning in the workplace. Focus is both on staff´s subjective experiences of enabling and constraining factors, and objective obstacles and opportunities for learning.

Method

Method In the study, the care workers are in focus. Focus group discussions with care staff were conducted at four different institutions. Managers were interviewed and focus group discussions with managers and teachers together. The researchers have also participated in various activities at the workplaces. In summary, the research can be described as a participatory and field based study. Theoretical framework The approach is the concept of working environment. An ideal workplace is designed for learning and will have learning readiness. That means that it affords opportunities for the Individuals to engage in and be supported in learning at work. The structural aspect is important but also how these structural aspects are experienced and evaluated by the individuals in a working group (Billett 2001, 2003, 2004, 2008; Ellström 1992, 1996; Ellström, Ekholm and Ellström 2008; Ellström 2012; Illeris 2011).

Expected Outcomes

Findings Firstly, it was noted that mainly formal training was recognized as learning activities. But obviously there were also learning in different work situations, in meetings with patients, relatives, colleagues, students and other staff at work. These meetings usually took place spontaneously and few care workers considered them as opportunities for discussions and reflections, ie learning. Previous research shows that learning activities need to be organized in order to be more advantageous for learning. Time, space and content are important factors. Just a few managers actively plan learning activities, setting an agenda for meetings. For learning to stay in focus the "production" consciously has to stand back. The skills of the care workers can partly be described in terms of tacit knowledge. It can be difficult to verbalize knowledge, thus knowledge becomes an individual's private property. Learning to develop knowledge between colleagues is difficult when there are unspoken words and concepts. The study shows that formal education can provide support in this respect. Furthermore, other staff can be supportive in giving the knowledge a language. An interesting question in this context is whether other forms of knowledge can be supported in the various learning activities?

References

Main references Billett, S. (2001). Learning through work: Workplace Affordances and Individual Engagement. Journal of Workplace Learning in the Workplace, Vol 13, No 5, pp. 209-214. Billett, S. (2003). Workplace mentors: demands and benefits. Journal of Workplace Learning, 15, pp 105-113. Billett, S. (2004). Learning through work: workplace participator practicies. In H. Rainbaird, A. Fuller and A. Munro (eds). Workplace Learning in Context. London: Routledge. Billett, S., Harteis, C. and Ereläpelto, A. (2008). Emerging Perspectives of Workplace Learning. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Ellström, P-E. (1992). Kompetens, utbildning och lärande i arbetslivet. Stockholm: Publica. Ellström, P-E. (1996). Rutin och reflektion. Förutsättningar och hinder för lärande i dagligt arbete. In P-E, Ellström, B. Gustavsson, S. Larsson (eds). Livslångt lärande. Lund: Studentlitteratur. Ellström, P-E., Ekholm,B., Ellström, E. (2008). Two Types of Learning Environment: Enabling and Constraining. A study of Care Work. Journal of Workplace learning: 20:2, pp 84-97. Ellström, E. (2012). Managerial Support for Learning at Work. (In print) Illeris, K. (2011). The Fundamentals of Workplace Learning. Understanding How People Learn in Working Life. London: Routledge. demands and benefits. Journal of Workplace Learning, 15, pp 105-113. Billett, S. (2004). Learning through work: workplace participator practicies. In H. Rainbaird, A. Fuller and A. Munro (eds). Workplace Learning in Context. London: Routledge. Billett, S., Harteis, C. and Ereläpelto, A. (2008). Emerging Perspectives of Workplace Learning. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Ellström, P-E.(1992). Kompetens, utbildning och lärande i arbetslivet. Stockholm: Publica. Ellström, P-E. (1996). Rutin och reflektion. Förutsättningar och hinder för lärande i dagligt arbete. In P-E, Ellström, B. Gustavsson, S. Larsson (eds). Livslångt lärande. Lund: Studentlitteratur. Ellström, P-E., Ekholm,B., Ellström, E. (2008). Two Types of Learning Environment: Enabling and Constraining. A study of Care Work. Journal of Workplace learning: 20:2, pp 84-97. Ellström, E. (2012). Managerial Support for Learning at Work. (In print) Illeris, K. (2011). The Fundamentals of Workplace Learning. Understanding How People Learn in Working Life. London: Routledge.

Author Information

Katarina Ssipos Zackrisson (presenting / submitting)
Stockholm univesity
stockholm
Maud Baumgarten (presenting)
Stockholm university
Department of education
Stockholm

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