According to Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction, children from middle-class families are advantaged in gaining educational credential due to their possession of cultural capital. In order this theory to be assessed we focus on the variables relevant to the Greek educational arena, by using data from the IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and especially, on both pupils' and their parents' cultural capital. Parental cultural capital will be determined from the parent background data: " Demographic and socioeconomic indicators " Home literacy resources " Parent's reading habits and attitudes " Parent's perception of school's connection with home Students' cultural capital will be surveyed on a range of possible components of cultural capital, come from the students' background data: " Students' home experiences (out-of-school activities, reading outside of school, reading type of books, homework, home resources and possessions, watching television) " Students' school experiences (feelings about school, cooperation with peers) (Probably some of the above activities e.g. hours of watching television, are not direct indicators of cultural capital, but they do transmit information about that). The PIRLS sample in Greece consists of 2494 pupils from grade 4 in 145 schools, both public and private. This study will assess the following research questions: " How pupils' cultural capital is related to parents' cultural capital and how is it reflected to their performance? " Are there any differences in school performance between boys and girls from the same socioeconomic background? Is gender statistically significant so as to define pupils' performance in school? Appropriate statistical tests will be applied.