Description: Globalisation is dramatically changing the landscape of higher education and research. Rapid changes in technology, politics and culture shape a new global world, challenging education as the main system for reproducing knowledge and attitudes among new generations. There is also a new relation between countries. China is quickly moving it's position in the era of globalisation and China is one of those countries that might force other countries to revise and modify university policy. The Chinese government has a new role in making the country's universities competitive.In all countries, the universities have an interesting intermediary position in the era of globalisation. On one hand, the university is the final stage of general schooling. In Sweden, almost half of the population is university students once in the life, which indicates, that the mass university is here. On the other hand, there is also a demand for university research to hive off into profitable products for the global market. Entrepreneurship is one aim of university research and graduate education. Those contradictory demands on the university, mass education and entrepreneurship, are not the only ones. There is also a demand for a non-profitable, but excellent, high-status research - that is to preserve the goals of the old elite-university.Another issue that is subjected to analysis is the relation between higher education & research and the state, civil society and private sector. The neo-liberal economic and political orientation that is visible in most states has transformed the traditional role and function of the state. The state must be competitive in the global market. To accomplish that, the state must sustain internal processes that produce innovations and facilitate conditions for knowledge that lead to competitive advantages. This is managed by applying market mechanisms within the state, examples within the universities being quasi-markets, quality assessment to ensure accountability, contractualism and decentralisation. Another example that is of interest in relation to higher education is the strong demand from the state on universities to align with, and make research results useful to private companies and public enterprises. The aim of the proposed study is to investigate and describe PhD studies for excellence and entrepreneurship in Sweden and China. The methods planned to be used are analyses of policy documents, statistics and interviews. In the paper, it is assumed that the universities in Europe and China are changing in a similar manner, but at different pace. The Chinese society (and education) is in a turbulent period of change. There are also probably many disciplinary and historical traits complicating the overall picture. We will investigate how globalisation in the field of postgraduate studies results in converging and diverging outcomes in the two countries. Methodology: Analyses of policy documents, statistics and interviews. Conclusions: How globalisation results in converging and diverging outcomes for postgraduate studies.