The use of cultural recognition in education Drawing on the theory of Charles Taylor's (1994) the politics of recognition, this paper explores how the concept of cultural recognition can be addressed in educational settings. This study aims (1) to establish an analytical framework of recognition-based teaching; (2) to conceptualize teachers' cultural recognition with reference to their own cultural identity; (3) to exemplify how teachers represent cultural forms during their curriculum practice; and (4) to extract the forms of cultural recognition by analyzing teachers' pedagogical reflection.The framework of recognition-based teaching constitutes the classroom as a place where the teacher's and students' sense-making processes of cultures are incorporated, where the existing cultural knowledge of students are seen as acceptable and appreciated, and where the teacher interacts with students in such a way that new cultural view is co-created. Such a classroom will not generate language violence, cultural hegemony, and unequal distribution of learning sources. Nor will the social inequality be reproduced according to current social stratification.As a qualitative research, this study employs two case studies onto two primary school teachers who had to experience daily cultural difference-one Aboriginal teacher in a non-Aboriginal school and the other non-Aboriginal teacher in an Aboriginal school. Class ethnography is used to collect qualitative data such as critical discourses in textbooks, oral historical interviews, classroom observation, teachers' teaching records, and field notes. The main argument is that teachers embodied with cultural recognition should be able to process the following steps: encountering cultural differences, feeling, liking, understanding, empathy, respect, appreciation, recognition and love. The process involves with Jessica Benjamin's (1988) notion of inter-subjectivity-an access to mutual recognition. However, in reality, under what circumstances teachers are unable to give cultural recognition? What can teachers do with value conflicts? What about teachers' concerns with morality in the use of tolerance to tackle non-recognition or mis-recognition if it is inevitable? Anderson, Joel (1995). 'Translator's introduction'. In Honneth Axel, The struggle for recognition (pp. x-xxi), translated by Anderson Joel. Oxford: Polity Press.Bauman, Z. (2001). The great war of recognition. Theory, Culture & Society, 18 (2-3): 137-150. Becker, H. (1951). Role and career problems of the Chicago public school teacher. Unpublished doctoral dissertation in the University of Chicago. Benjamin, J (1988). The bonds of love: Psychoanalysis, feminism, and the problem of domination. New York: Pantheon Books.Bingham, C. (2001). Schools of recognition: Identity politics and classroom practices. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Blum, Lawrence (1998). 'Recognition, value, and equality: A critique of Charles Taylor's and Nancy Fraser's accounts of multiculturalism'. Constellations, 5 (1): 51-68.Blum, Lawrence (2001). 'Recognition and multiculturalism in education.' Journal of Philosophy of Education, 35 (4): 539-559. Buber, M. (1947). Between man and man. Trans. By Ronald Gregor Smith. London: Kegan Paul. Honneth, Axel (1995). The struggle for recognition: The moral grammar of social conflicts, translated by Joel Anderson. Oxford: Polity Press. Honneth, Axel. (2001). Recognition or redistribution? Theory, Culture & Society, 18 (2-3): 43-55. Lash, S. & Featherstone, M. (2002). Recognition and Difference: Politics, identity and multiculture. London: SAGE.Lynch, K. & Lodge, A. (2002). Equality and power in schools: Redistribution, recognition and representation. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Taylor, Charles. (1994). 'The politics of recognition'. In Amy Gutmann (Ed.), Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition (pp. 25-74). Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press. Wolf, S. (1994). 'Comment.' In Amy Gutmann (Ed.). Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition (pp. 75-86). Princeton: Princeton University Press. Yar, M. (2001). Recognition and the politics of human(e) desire. Theory, Culture & Society, 18 (2-3): 57-76.Wolf, S. (1994). 'Comment.' In Amy Gutmann (Ed.). Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition (pp. 75-86). Princeton: Princeton University Press. Yar, M. (2001). Recognition and the politics of human(e) desire. Theory, Culture & Society, 18 (2-3): 57-76. - European or international journal