Didethics- A Didactic Model Including Ethical Aspects
Author(s):
Marita Cronqvist (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2014
Format:
Paper

Session Information

10 SES 09 D, Transformational Leadership and Didethics - A Potent Combination?

Paper Session

Time:
2014-09-04
11:00-12:30
Room:
B228 Sala de Aulas
Chair:
Kari Smith

Contribution

Previous research suggests that professional ethics is largely handled tacitly thus remaining implicit (Thornberg, 2008, Colnerud & Granström, 2002, Sockett & Le Page, 2002). In teacher education, implicit professional ethics is problematic since it is difficult to observe and verbalize. In teacher education, student teachers write didactic plans, sometimes the plan is used in their school-based training, but sometimes not. The aim of this study is to test a didactic model which includes ethical aspects. The research questions are:  How do student teachers experience the didactic model, didethics, in teaching children? How do student teachers experience the didactic model, didethics, in their own learning?

Bengtsson (1997) who connects didactics to lifeworld theory describes with references to Herbart in the early 1800’s that all problems of teaching would be covered by didactics. The didactic model, didethics, that I want to test in teacher education,  includes ethical aspects and is a wide model (Bengtsson, 1997), meaning that it includes aspects as subject content, ethical views, methods, consideration of who the children are and so on. It is also wide because the model contains a process of learning from planning, implementation and reflection on what can be done differently next time and out of that, new planning. Didactic research that is close to my model is deliberative didactics (Englund, 2007, Almgren, 2006, Larsson, 2007) which focus on communication and children´s possibilities to problematize and discuss.

The model is connected to lifeworld theory for several reasons. When student teachers meet children, it is a meeting between different lifeworlds, meaning that both children and student teachers bring earlier experiences with them and get new experiences through the subjective body, living here and now (Merleau-Ponty, 2002). Theory (plans) and practice (the meeting) are interacting and considered as a whole (Dahlberg et al., 2008). In didactic plans you have to decide several things about the meeting without always knowing much about what might happen with the plan when the children respond in the situation. Lifeworld theory emphasizes the importance of individuality and context (Dahlberg, Dahlberg & Nyström, 2008). A person´s lifeworld is the sum of all meanings and this lifeworld is impossible for student teacher to escape but possible to reflect on (Husserl, 1995) which is an important part to deal with when using a didactic model including ethical aspects. Comparing the plan with the actual meeting with children is crucial in understanding how professional ethics can be handled in different situations.

To test and develop a didactic model that includes ethical aspects is relevant research to all European countries. Rogers and Webb (1991), referring to Nodding, emphasize the importance of adding ethics of care in teacher education. The contribution of this study is an effort to make ethical aspects of teaching visible and verbalized in teacher education.

Method

Methods Since the model has never been used in teacher education before, this is an intervention study. The intervention consists of presentation of the model and individual support to each student teacher about how the model can be used for their specific situation. Since context and the student teacher´s unique lifeworld (Dahlberg et al., 2008) affect how the model can be used, the individual support is needed. A model is always general and to be effective it must be adapted to the situation. Reflective lifeworld research (RLR) is used as methodology in trying the didethic model in order to interpret student teachers´ lived experiences (Dahlberg et al., 2008) The sample consists of eight student teachers studying to be teachers in preschool and in elementary school. After presentation and individual support they try the model during their school-based training when I observe them and finally I ask them to write down reflections about their teaching and learning through using the didethic model. Since the model is wide, meaning that the whole process of learning is included, reflections are important for testing the model. The research data is hermeneutic analyzed, trying to be open to the material but still work systematically. The interpretation is made by constantly moving from the whole text to the parts and back again (Dahlberg et al., 2008). As a researcher I must question my preunderstanding and try to find what is different.

Expected Outcomes

Expected results Intervening and adding a new didactic model in a university course will in itself probably give extra attention to both the model but also to ethical aspects of teaching. It is impossible to talk about the model without getting this effect. Therefore, I must expect much more than this extra focus in order to be satisfied with the model as a helpful tool. If student teachers tell about several concrete examples of how ethical aspects became visible in their communication with children, if they can give examples of how they made decisions consciously and noticed different choices, it can be signs of how the model can be useful in visualizing and verbalizing ethical questions of teaching. Student teachers´ reflections on what happened together with the children need to indicate an ability to analyze how the interaction with children affected the situation and how other strategies could have made difference if the model should be considered useful to student teachers´ learning.

References

References Almgren, Ellen (2006) Att fostra demokrater. Om skolan i demokratin och demokratin i skolan. [Educating democrats. About the school of democracy and democracy in school.] Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Uppsaliensis, Skrifter utgivna av Statsvetenskapliga föreningen i Uppsala, 164. Bengtsson, Jan (1997) Didaktiska dimensioner. Möjligheter och gränser för en integrerad didaktik. [Didactic dimensions. Possibilities and limits for integrated didactic.] Pedagogisk Forskning i Sverige, årgång 2, nr 4, s 241-261 Colnerud, Gunnel & Granström, Kjell (2002). Respekt för läraryrket: om lärares yrkesspråk och yrkesetik. [Respect for the teaching profession: on teachers' professional language and professional ethics]. [Ny, rev. och uppdaterad utg.] Stockholm: HLS förl. Dahlberg, Karin, Dahlberg, Helena & Nyström, Maria (2008). Reflective lifeworld research. 2. ed. Lund: Studentlitteratur Englund, Tomas, red (2007) Utbildning som kommunikation. Deliberativa samtal som möjlighet. [Education as communication. Deliberative dialogues as a possibility] Göteborg: Daidalos. Husserl, Edmund (1995). Fenomenologins idé. [The idea of phenomenology] 2. uppl. Göteborg: Daidalos Larsson, Kent (2007): Samtal, klassrumsklimat och elevers delaktighet – överväganden kring en deliberativ didaktik. [Dialogues, classroom climate and students' participation - considerations about a deliberative didactic] (Örebro Studies in Education, 21) Örebro: Örebro universitet Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (2002[1962]). Phenomenology of perception. London: Routledge Rogers, D. and Webb, J. (1991) The Ethic of Caring in Teacher Education, Journal of Teacher Education, 42:173 Sockett, Hugh and LePage, Pamela (2002). The missing language of the classroom, Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 18, Issue 2, February 2002, Pages 159-171. Thornberg, Robert (2008). The lack of professional knowledge in values education. Teaching and Teacher Education, Volume 24, Issue 7, October 2008, Pages 1791-1798.

Author Information

Marita Cronqvist (presenting / submitting)
University of Borås
Education and Behavioural Sciences
Brämhult

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