The professional development of senior teachers in vocational education in Estonia
Author(s):
Piret Tamme (presenting / submitting)
Conference:
ECER 2014
Format:
Paper

Session Information

01 SES 08 A, Professional Development in Vocational Education

Paper Session

Time:
2014-09-04
09:00-10:30
Room:
B032 Anfiteatro
Chair:
Maria Casanova

Contribution

The proportion of population in the European Union over the age of 65 is constantly increasing. According to the Eurostat information in the year 1960 in the European Union people over  the age of 65 formed 10% of the whole population, in the year 2005 it was 23% and in the year 2050 it could be 27%. The demographic situation, the aging society in the world results the loss of qualified workforce and the collapse of pension system. Therefore, it is important to invest into senior workforce.  The situation is the same at schools, as for example in Estonia already today 10% of teachers at vocational education is 65 or older.

The above mentioned situation brings along new challenges to schools. Managers should revalue their personnel strategies and mainly their attitudes in order to support senior teachers to continue work at school. But for that managers should know what support senior teachers’ professional development and what hinders this.

Relying on the above mentioned the survey question is as follows: what factors (both internal and external) support senior teachers ‘professional development at vocational schools. To solve the above mentioned survey question one should know:

1) how senior teachers themselves describe their professional development components (learning, developing, reflection, involvement); and

2) how management at schools (directors, head-directors, managers of study units) describes professional development of senior teachers.

The aim of the study is to explain and analyse the readiness of schools to support professional development as one very important management strategy for success of every day work of senior teachers at vocational schools.

I will try to understand and interpret in this study the main components of professional development of senior teachers at vocational schools in their social environment. I rely on constructivism, according to which knowledge is always influenced by social context, support of others and team learning.

Professional development in my study is a process in which teachers’ professionalism is becoming more perfect, and where teachers either individually or in team with others revalue, renew and extend their responsibilities in teaching process and where they gain and develop their knowledge, skills, planning experience and practice. However, professionalism is something that changes due to new expectations and is connected with the philosophy of the profession. So professional development improves professionalism which is dependent on the status of profession.  And professional development reaches from individual level to the level of profession.Professionalism is something that is constantly changing and that is constantly re-defined according to new expectations. Professionalism means the elaboration of the quality of service of the profession. The cognition of profession of a senior teacher follows such keywords as expert knowledge, service and autonomy. At the same time the status and prestige of the profession has decreased in the society .

Professional development consists of two parts: 1) attitudinal (intellectual and motivational); and 2) functional (productivity and work procedures).

 

 

 

 

Method

One should first understand and study how senior teachers´ themselves describe and understand their professional development, what kind of support they need for their professional development in school environment and what obstacles are there. Therefore, the study starts with qualitative interviews which are based on phenomenographic approach. The aim of the phenomenography is to describe, analyse and understand people´s experiences. There has been implemented twenty-two semi structured interviews with senior teachers. There are 436 teachers in vocational education over 60 years of age in Estonia. For sampling there is used purposive sampling, whereas all vocational schools are approached and the senior teachers are asked for interviews. Senior teachers in this survey are 60 and older. The oldest is 72 years. There are 18 women and 4 men. Before interviews permission is asked from the manager and also from the person herself. In case permission is received (there has been only one refusal) then I contact with senior teachers and send them interview plan. I agree in time and date. In general interview takes place at interviews´ work place, only two interviews were implemented via Skype. Interviews start with introduction and agreeing in confidential rules. The interview consists of the following parts: 1) general/ biographical information 2) work in one´s life a) meaning b) workload c) responsibilities 3) organisational support and acknowledgement Inc. feedback a) personnel policy at school – development interviews b) cooperation c) involvement (projects, workgroups) 4) learning and self-development; 5) reflection. Interviews last usually 60 – 90 minutes. All interviews are recorded and later on transcribed. After transcriptions interviews were delete on tape. Data is analysed via descriptive content analyse. The data analysing starts with simple reading. The material is read several times, in this case different notions are selected and differentiated from each other. Later on these notions are categorised and named, mainly based on the different blocks of interviews. Many categories have also sub-categories. In this way hierarchical system is formed. Analyse is continued by describing different categories and looking for connections between different categories.

Expected Outcomes

The results indicate that senior teachers in Estonian vocational schools are active and motivated and in suitable environment they would like to continue their work even after their retirement period. After the age of 65 they prefer working at part time and are more interested in placement coordination and not so much in teaching. The most important for them is autonomy. They value autonomy. Moreover, very important for them is the co-operation between different expert groups (teachers´ associations). One of the most annoying things for them are quick changes in the society. New rules, standards etc. implemented by officials and are not often understood by them. On one hand they do not trust new trends, but on the other hand it is a little bit difficult for them to understand new concepts, to cope with new technologies. However, they all manage quite well with computers. They respect managers (usually much younger than they are), but they do not have confidence in managers abilities. And they are worried about their health. Senior teachers, when not pressed by much new changes on them can be a valuable resource at schools for quite a long time.

References

Valsiner. J. Open intransitivity cycles in development and education: Pathways to synthesis European. Joumal óf Psychology of Education 2008. Vol. XXIII. n'-2. 131-147; Goodson, I., Moore, S., Hargreaves, A (2006). Teacher Nostalgia and the Sustainability of Reform: The Generation and Degeneration of Teachers’ Missions, Memory, and Meaning. , A. Educational Administration Quarterly Vol. 42, No. 1 (February 2006) 42-61. Guthrie, H. (2010). Professional development in the vocational education and training workforce. National Centre for Vocatinal Education Research. Svensson, L., G. (2006). New Professionalism, Trust and Competence. Some Conceptual Remarks and Empirical Data. Current Sociology. Vol 54(4): 579–593. Evans, L. (2008). Professionalism, professionality and the development of education professionals. British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 56, No.1, March 2008, pp 20–38. Huber, S., G. (2011).The impact of professional development: a theoretical model for empirical research, evaluation, planning and conducting training and development programmes. Professional Development in Education. Vol. 37, No. 5. Snoeka, M., Swennenb, A., van der Klinkc, M. (2011). The quality of teacher educators in the European policy debate: actions and measures to improve the professionalism of teacher educators. . Professional Development in Education. Vol. 37, No. 5, November . Lange, J., D.; Burroughs-Lange, S., G. (1994). Professional Uncertainity and Professional Growth. . AERA Annual Meeting. Faculty of Education. Queensland University of Technology. Kennedy, A. (2005). Models of Continuing Professional Development: a framework for analysis. Journal of In-service Education, Volume 31, Number 2.

Author Information

Piret Tamme (presenting / submitting)
Tallinn University/ Tallinn Health Care College
Tallinn

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