Living in deprived environment could make a lot of difficulties in learning and may result with low academic achievement and in negative social outcomes (OECD, 2007, 2010, 2012a, 2012b; UNICEF, 2007a; 2007b). Good inclusion practice should results in a) social benefits regarding improved social cohesion b) economic benefits (e.g. decreasing social expenditures for socially excluded population and increasing state income through higher employment rates). Many empirical and theoretical evidences have changed the view of cognitive abilities as stable and unchangeable and made it clear in seeing them as depending of context and social interaction. This paradigm shift made importance of abstract and complex language structure that change cognition through the process of internalisation (Ceci, 1991; Moll, 1990; Baucal & Jovanović, 2008; Jovanović & Baucal, 2007; Panofsky et al., 1990, Pere-Klermon, 2004; Vygotsky, 2012; Wertch, 1985). In education, it resulted with inclusive approach as common practice. In Serbia it has become of major importance with new Law of Foundations of Educational System (2009). The Law put into the force the new set of measures directed to improvement of the position of children from deprived environments (mainly Roma children from unhygienic settlements) and children with learning difficulties.  Introduced measures include application of the affirmative procedures of enrolment, development and implementation of individual educational plans with changed standards of achievements, establishment of the role of pedagogical assistants, obligatory preschool programme, etc. Concerning changes in the Serbian education system and two cycles of elementary school education in Serbia, the following questions were the foundation of the research described in this study:

• What are the differences between children from deprived environments and other children in educational outcomes, measured through the school grades?
• What is the most critical period for the children from deprived environments to drop out?
• Concerning potential results, is it reasonable to reposition and reframe some of the existing measures and provide their more adequate timing?

The aim of the study was to examine the intensity of difference between children from deprived environments and other children, in order to estimate whether the existing school resources are sufficient to handle these children in the system and provide them with adequate knowledge and chance to continue their schooling. The next quesiton was concerned with Although some of the existing measures are directed towards enrolment and enlargement of school coverage but the question is if that is sufficient in preventing dropping out. Also, longitudinal research of children from deprived environments aims to show if there are some periods in which additional support should be strengthened.

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